The point-kernel method is a widely used practical tool for gamma-ray shielding calculations. However, application of that neutron transport simulations very limited. accuracy the strongly depends on buildup factors in Buildup are usually obtained using appropriate computer codes, either based discrete ordinates or Monte Carlo approach. Since these codes put strong demands resources, they appli...

A mechanism of electron-mediated pumping heat in the absence net charge transfer is proposed. It may be realized charge-neutral electron systems, such as graphene, coupled to an external electric potential. The flow this cycle not accompanied by a buildup voltage along system, which offers advantages over traditional thermoelectric cooling setups. efficiency and magnitude flux are studied hydro...

on waste can alter the optimum transition path. In the optima with recycle, the lower waste penalty from reduced buildup of 239Pu more than compensates for the separations and fuel fabrication facility costs. Figure 3 shows this buildup for each of the runs. However, with a high repository discount (run 3) recycle technology is unable to compete with cheap direct disposal. The optimum in run 4 ...

We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that the buildup time to steady-state femtosecond pulses in a typical colliding-pulse mode-locked dye laser (lambda = 620 nm) with compensating prisms is 15 microsec after the pulses have been completely modulated. For a similar laser without the compensating prisms, the buildup time is 40 microsec and exhibits interesting oscillatory behavior in th...

When a guided mode is excited in a dielectric slab coupled to a backward surface wave at the interface between a dielectric and a left-handed medium, light is confined in the structure: this is a light wheel. Complex plane analysis of the dispersion relation and coupled-mode formalism give deep insight into the physics of this phenomenon (lateral confinement and the presence of a dark zone).

The components of a third-rank g' ' tensor have been split into contributions due to 1-fold, 2fold, 3-fold, and (x}-fold or isotropic rotation axes for a surface of C, symmetry. Theoretical analysis of the rotation patterns obtained by the surface second-harmonic (SH) generation indicates that a complete symmetry analysis cannot be performed without knowledge of the relevant distribution functi...