cations may help to demonstrate the presence of a unilateral intrinsic carotid bruit in these two situations. One other potential source of error is that as the arterial stenosis increases toward total occlusion, the intensity of the bruit decreases. It may become of lower intensity than the radiated murmur, or so faint that its signal-to-noise ratio is too low for spectral analysis. In our exp...

AIM To attempt to define the prevalence and significance of murmurs detected on routine clinical examination at six to eight weeks. METHODS A retrospective review of the results of routine clinical examination of a cohort of 6 to 8 week old babies resident in Newcastle upon Tyne, was carried out in two 12 month periods. All cardiac defects diagnosed in infancy in the same cohort were ascertai...

After the introduction of the stethoscope by René Laennec in 1819, the art of auscultation gained traction as a group of early adopters described the heart murmurs they were now able to hear. A race to discover and define ensued. Leading physicians published their new observations, and a robust crop of eponyms was born for use by future generations of physicians and medical trainees. This list ...

In the course of carrying out routine physical examinations on newborn babies, certain infants were found who presented loud systolic cardiac murmurs in the absence of other abnormal physical signs. The significance of such a finding was doubtful, but the murmur in many cases was so loud as to suggest the possibility of congenital heart disease. An investigation was therefore carried out to ass...

Case 1 involved a 4-month-old intact male Somali cat in which peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) was recognized after a cardiac murmur remained following patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Case 2, which involved a 1-year-old neutered male Norwegian Forest cat, and Case 3, which involved a 6-month-old intact female American Curl cat, were referred, because of cardiac murmurs. Grades III ...

BACKGROUND Early recognition of heart disease is an important goal in pediatrics. Efforts in developing an inexpensive screening device that can assist in the differentiation between innocent and pathological heart murmurs have met with limited success. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are valuable tools used in complex pattern recognition and classification tasks. The aim of the present study...

This paper describes a signal processing algorithm that utilizes wavelet transform and autoregressive modeling to identify heart sounds and to generate clinical features that characterize systolic and diastolic heart murmurs. A wavelet transform (WT) based on the Daubechies wavelet was adopted to facilitate the identification of the first and second heart sounds (S1 and S2) and to isolate systo...

OBJECTIVE To discuss clinical and laboratorial evaluation of heart murmurs in children, an important problem faced by pediatricians in their practice. SOURCES This review was based on a critical analysis of the current literature, as well as pediatrics and pediatric cardiology textbooks, which were found to be an important source of information on the subject. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS It is ...