background to assess the concept of children concerning their health and its risk factors, a group of primary and middle school students were asked to draw a few relevant pictures in order to deeply explore the comprehension of this key group.   methods in this cross-sectional study 1165 students, aged 7-15 years old, selected through random stratified sampling, were asked to draw a number of e...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health challenge [1 ].Different studies predicted that the frequency of diabetic patients will be increased to 642 million throughout the world by 2040 [2]. A notable percentage of diabetic patients are not aware of their disease (approximately 30% in Iran) [3]. Lag in the diagnosis of DM raises the expense of controlling disease and makes the progn...

background :traffic and transport is a substantial part of a range of economic, social and environmental factors distinguished to have impact on human health. this paper is a report on a preliminary section of a health impact assessment (hia) on urban traffic and transport initiatives, being conducted in sanandaj, iran. in this preliminary study, the psychometric properties of urban traffic rel...

A risk assessment study was conducted to predict the expected hazardous influence on the ecosystem resulted from urbanization and industrialization activities at Helwan area, Egypt. To achieve these goals, soils, plants and water samples were collected from Helwan area, and their total concentrations of inorganic contaminants (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and organic pollutants; such...

The European Council Directive 89/391/EC of 12 June 1989 is concerned with the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the occupational safety and health. For example, it deals with risk assessment and preventive measures. The Finnish legislation enacts the risk assessment and prevention measures in a similar way as the EU Directive 89/391/EC. The aim of this study was to examine:...

This paper investigates how fraud schemes can be integrated into the fraud risk assessment process and be incorporated into audit planning. A framework for assessing fraud risk using an evidential reasoning approach based on the belief-function formalism was developed in this paper. The framework extends fraud risk assessment models in prior fraud research in three respects. First, it integrate...

This article reviews the most relevant methodological aspects involved in Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Firstly, it addresses the process of defining the research problem (or scoping). Then it explains some specific aspects of systematic reviews of evidence, as well as indirect and mixed comparisons of the effectiveness of interventions. It covers also the methods for economic evaluation ...