The history and origins of proficiency testing of clinical laboratories are reviewed. Since the introduction of proficiency testing in the late 1940s, dramatic improvement in laboratory performance has been demonstrated. Nonetheless, the poor performance found two decades earlier was summoned to support the passage of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 (CLIA '67).

the unesco chair in health education in tums (tums), iran, was established in immunology, asthma and allergy research institute in april 2004. the purpose of this chair is to promote an integrated system of research, training, information and documentation activities in the field of health education. the target group includes the public, health care workers, students, trainees and researchers. ...

‘Placing Health’ is the first major publication to use complexity theory to understand the relationships between neighbourhood change, the emergence of states of health, and policy interventions managed using performance indicators. This is complemented by reviews of the international evidence base on area effects and neighbourhood change and is supplemented by new insights from the author’s ow...