In this paper, we use the method of independent contrasts to study body size relationships between pocket gophers and their chewing lice, a host-parasite system in which both host and parasite phylogenies are well studied. The evolution of body size of chewing lice appears to be dependent only on the body size of their hosts, which confirms the 1991 findings of Harvey and Keymer. We show that t...

Impingement by prominence at the femoral head-neck junction on the anterior acetabular rim may cause early osteoarthritis. Our aim was to develop a simple method to describe concavity at this junction, and then to test it by its ability to distinguish quantitatively a group of patients with clinical evidence of impingement from asymptomatic individuals who had normal hips on examination. MR sca...

Introduction: The lack of adequate blood perfusion through different organs of the body, including the brain and skull, can be caused by any type of circulation abnormality. The purpose of this study is to compare cephalometric indices between infants under the age of 12 months who have congenital heart disease (CHD) and normal infants. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was ca...

BACKGROUND The triceps brachii muscle, the strongest extensor of the elbow joint, is characterized by the three heads: long, lateral and medial. OBJECTIVES In the present study we aimed to examine the linear parameters (length, width) of the fetal triceps brachii muscle and to provide their growth dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis (Multiscan ...

This study was conducted to examine morphometric and meristic characteristics alongside pigmentation patterns of bream larvae, Abramis brama orientalis, in four stages of larval development. Morphological characters including total length (TL), standard length (SL), notochord length (NL), head length (HL), head depth (HD), eye diameter (ED) and mouth width (MW) were examined from hatching time ...

This research incorporates the nature of head movement made in listening activities, into the development of a quasibinaural acoustical measurement technique for the evaluation of spatial impression. A listening test was conducted where head movements were tracked whilst the subjects rated the perceived source width, envelopment, source direction and timbre of a number of stimuli. It was found ...