Scatter factor (SF) (also known as hepatocyte growth factor [HGF]) is a fibroblast-derived cytokine that stimulates motility, proliferation, and morphogenesis of epithelia. SF may play major roles in development, repair, and carcinogenesis. However, the physiologic signals that regulate its production are not well delineated. We found that various human tumor cell lines that do not produce SF s...

PURPOSE The increasing complexities of the geometry of 3D radiation treatment plans possess challengesto the monitor unit (MU) and dose verification in clinical routine. In this work, the commissioningof the DIAMOND software (PTW-Freiburg Germany) for two Siemens linear accelerators(Primus & Artiste) along with the evaluation of its performance is described. METHODS DIAMOND employs the modifi...

PURPOSE X-ray scatter is a significant impediment to image quality improvements in cone-beam CT (CBCT). The authors present and demonstrate a novel scatter correction algorithm using a scatter estimation method that simultaneously combines multiple Monte Carlo (MC) CBCT simulations through the use of a concurrently evaluated fitting function, referred to as concurrent MC fitting (CMCF). METHO...

Scatter correction is crucial to the quality of reconstructed images in x-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Most of existing scatter correction methods assume smooth scatter distributions. The high-frequency scatter noise remains in the projection images even after a perfect scatter correction. In this paper, using a clinical CBCT system and a measurement-based scatter correction, the a...

First and second order Rayleigh and Raman scatter is a common problem when fitting Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to fluorescence excitationemission data (EEM). The scatter does not contain any relevant chemical information and does not conform to the low-rank trilinear model. The scatter complicates the analysis instead and contributes to model inadequacy. As such, scatter can be considere...

Eye-head movements to target steps of amplitude 3.75 degrees to 30 degrees were analyzed in 9 untreated patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Testing was performed before and after the introduction of a dopamimetic drug (L-dopa or bromocriptine) and compared with 9 normal controls. The patients showed a significantly greater scatter of mean head latencies prior to treatment, although th...