The coefficient of correlation evaluates the similarity of two sets of measurements (i.e., two dependent variables) obtained on the sameobservations. The coefficient of correlation indicates the amount of information common to two variables. This coefficient takes values between −1 and +1 (inclusive). A value of 0 indicates that the two series of measurement have nothing in common. A value of +...

In April 2004, JP Morgan introduced the notion of base correlations, a novel approach to quoting correlations for synthetic CDO tranches, which facilitates a simple relative valuation of off-market tranches. Using a simple intensity based credit risk model we generate ‘true’ tranche spreads and examine the behavior of the base correlations and the merits of the relative valuation approach. We r...

We organized for WCCI 2008 a challenge to evaluate causal modeling techniques, focusing on predicting the effect of “interventions” performed by an external agent. Examples of that problem are found in the medical domain to predict the effect of a drug prior to administering it, or in econometrics to predict the effect of a new policy prior to issuing it. We concentrate on a given target variab...

Parents Transmit Happiness along with Associated Values and Behaviors to Their Children: A Lifelong Happiness Dividend? There are strong two-way links between parent and child happiness (life satisfaction), even for ‘children’ who have grown up, moved to their own home and partnered themselves. German panel evidence shows that transmission of (un)happiness from parents to children is partly due...

We present a domain-specific embedded language (DSEL) in Haskell that supports the philosophical study and practical explanation of causation. The language provides constructs for modeling situations comprised of events and functions for reliably determining the complex causal relationships that emerge between these events. It enables the creation of visual explanations of these causal relation...

Knowledge of the relationship between model parameters and forecast quantities is useful because it can aid in setting the values of the former for the purpose of having a desired effect on the latter. Here it is proposed that a well-establishedmultivariate statistical method known as canonical correlation analysis can be formulated to gauge the strength of that relationship. Themethod is appli...

Conditional Causal Probability (CCPR) and Conditional Causal Possibility (CCPO) have been proposed to express exact uncertainties of causalities, and some reasoning methods based on them have been studied to calculate probabilities or possibilities of unknown events under the condition that some events are known. CCPR/CCPO is a conditional probability/possibility of a causation event conditione...

In Why Tolerate Religion?, Brian Leiter argues against the special legal status of religion, claiming that religion should not be the only ground for exemptions to the law and that this form of protection should be, in principle, available for the claims of secular conscience as well. However, in the last chapter of his book, he objects to a universal regime of exemptions for both religious and...

my purpose in this article is not to offer any original insights into hegel’s ethics, but merely to provide a brief overview that draws upon the most reliable secondary sources. in order to help organize the material, i compare hegel’s views with the communitarian critique of liberalism. following this, there is a brief account of the relation between hegel’s ethical and religious thought. hege...