By addressing several key features overlooked in previous studies, i.e. human disturbance, integration of ecosystem- and species-level conservation features, and principles of complementarity and representativeness, we present the first national-scale systematic conservation planning for China to determine the optimized spatial priorities for biodiversity conservation. We compiled a spatial dat...

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian factor analysis model with the purpose of serving as an alternate approach to calculating the UNDP’s Human Development Index, as well as providing a general methodology which can be used to augment existing indices or build new ones. In addition to addressing several potential issues of the official HDI, we also estimate an alternative “green HDI” index by a...

The paper reviews experience in advancing Human Development since 1970 by investigating behaviour among countries that made the largest improvements in HD, and those that made the least improvement. The three developing countries with the fastest growth in the HDI over the period are selected from initial low-HDI, middle HDIand high HDI country groupings, and their experience compared on a rang...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the direct and indirect cost differences associated with eating a 'healthy' or 'unhealthy' diet. DESIGN Analysis of data from a baseline postal questionnaire for the UK Women's Cohort Study, including a detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), supplemented by a telephone interview on a sub-sample. SUBJECTS The first 15,191 women who responded to the questionnair...

INTRODUCTION We used immunoblots to determine whether inotropic and lusitropic effects of high-dose insulin (HDI) in cardiogenic shock, induced by a beta-blocker (BB) or a calcium channel blocker (CCB), are mediated by phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB). PLB is a membrane protein that regulates calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by inhibition of the cardiac calcium pump (SE...

The incidence of diabetes is increasing globally. We investigated the relationship between diabetes prevalence and patient socioeconomic status across multiple countries. We searched PubMed to identify population-based surveys reporting diabetes prevalence between 1990 and May 2016. Search results were filtered, and Human Development Index (HDI) values from the United Nations Development Progra...

We propose the concept of human-data interaction (HDI) as the human manipulation, analysis, and sensemaking of large, unstructured, and complex datasets. We then proceed to suggest an embodied approach to HDI to build physical reasoning environments for these difficult and polymorphic tasks. We illustrate our approach with two examples: tangible lenses for visual exploration, and an educational...

PURPOSE The Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway of IFN signaling is important to immunoregulation and tumor progression. STAT1 plays a prominent role in the effector immune response, whereas STAT3 is implicated in tumor progression and down-regulation of the response to type I IFNs. The goal of this study was to understand the effects of high...

BACKGROUND A healthy dietary pattern defined by international recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been shown to reduce overall mortality risk. It is unknown whether this healthy dietary pattern is associated with overall cancer incidence. DESIGN In total 35,355 men and women within the Dutch European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-cohort were follow...

Background and Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare the predictive power of the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with the Human Development Index (HDI) with regard to the share of deaths caused by Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) among all deaths in the world and Iran.   Methods: The data required for this cross-sectional ecological study were extracted f...