Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a generic term that refers to the transferrin glycoforms whose concentration in blood is temporarily increased by sustained alcohol consumption. Due to high clinical specificity, CDT was proposed as a biomarker of heavy alcohol use and has been available for about 20 years. A number of methods have been developed for CDT measurement based on different...

The purpose of this paper is to use a game theoretical approach to analyze tax harmonization, or competition, in a monetary union, more specifically in Europe. Without harmonization, free-riding behaviors may appear, leading to a sub-optimal tax equilibrium. Tax competition may also create budgetary problems and the objective of a balanced budget may not be attained. But national tax autonomy h...

Issues and opportunities for RDA harmonization within the SEA region were first raised during the First Regional Forum and Workshop "RDAs: Scientific Basis and Future Directions", held in Singapore in March 1997. A regional review on RDAs in SEA showed general similarities for the different RDAs, although in some cases a country listed an exceptionally high or low RDA for a particular nutrient ...

PACON 2005 Harmonization of Port and Industry ABSTRACTS TABLE OF CONTENTSS TABLE OF CONTENTS

Eurozone has grouped 18 countries in the European area, with different tax systems and thus, on the background of a common monetary policy numerous decisions and commitments for fiscal harmonization were adopted. Unfortunately, the realities did not carried into effect the ambitions assumed, different fiscal sovereignties have perpetuated their coexistence within the well-known frames, insuffic...

Several types of cerebrovascular lesions are associated with cognitive decline, but the role of each type in dementia manifestation has yet to be determined. One of the greatest barriers of conducting clinicopathological studies in vascular dementia concerns the overlapping of nomenclature for these lesions. The aim of the present review was to discuss current nomenclature for cerebrovascular l...

Policies to harmonize value-added tax rates are controversial in the European Union. This paper formulates a multi-country model over a one-dimensional space as a non-cooperative Nash game, in which each country aims at maximizing its tax revenue, subject to the constraint that its tax rate lies within a given common band. Then we examine the e4ects of changes in the common band on tax rates, t...

The importance of standardization of laboratory test results has a long history traceable to the first proficiency testing results in 1947 that demonstrated large discrepancies among results from 59 hospital laboratories (1 ). The AACC published a series of monographs in 1953– 1972 titled Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry that promoted a single measurement procedure (MP) for a measurand. T...