Sexual conflict occurs when males and females act against each others' interest, typically resulting in selection favoring harmful males. We performed laboratory experiments on sexual conflict that both confined individuals in isolated groups, which prevents selection acting counter to this conflict, and provided more naturalistic multigroup population structures. We show that in water striders...

The early development of the cerebral cortex is characterized by neurogenesis, neuronal migration, cellular differentiation and programmed cell death. Cajal-Retzius cells, developing cortical plate neurons and subplate cells form a transient synaptic circuit which may serve as a template for the formation of cortical layers and columns. These three neuronal cell types show distinct electrophysi...

The majority of peasants in late nineteenth century Russia believed in the power of magic and its ability to affect their lives in both beneficial and harmful ways. An important aspect of this outlook was witchcraft, which can be defined as “the attribution of misfortune to occult human agency” (Thomas 1971: 436). Nearly any personal misfortune, including impotence, illness, death, crop failure...

Less than 0.4 part per million (ppm) arsenic, 0.13 ppm cadmium, 0.2 ppm lead, 0.05 ppm mercury, 0.09 ppm selenium, and 10 ppm zinc. (c) The viable microbial content of the finished ingredient is: (1) Less than 10,000 organisms/gram by aerobic plate count. (2) Less than 10 yeasts and molds/ gram. (3) Negative for Salmonella, E. coli, coagulase positive Staphylococci, Clostridium perfringens, Clo...

Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which attack various cellular components. Radio-protectors act as prophylactic agents to shield healthy cells and tissues from the harmful effects of radiation. Past research on synthetic radio-protectors has brought little success, primarily due to the various toxicity-related ...

Ideally psychologists strive to act ethically within their professional roles. However, they are unlikely to achieve the highest standards of ethical behavior if they become overly legalistic or if they engage in behaviors that can be virtuous in a personal context but harmful in a professional relationship. Such problems may arise when some justify their less-than-optimal behavior based upon a...

Impulse-control disorders (ICDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of conditions linked diagnostically by difficulties in resisting "the impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others." Specific ICDs share clinical, phenomenological and biological features with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that have suggested that these disorders might be catego...

Ecotoxicological effects of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticides endosulfan sulphate and chlorpyrifos were evaluated using a test battery comprising aquatic organisms from different trophic levels. According to the categories established in the EU legislation, atrazine can be considered non-harmful for the species tested, while the insecticides can be considered very toxic for the crusta...

As the Internet became popular, the volume of digital multimedia data is exponentially increased in all aspects of our life. This drastic increment in multimedia data causes unwelcome deliveries of adult image contents to the Internet. Consequently, a large number of children are wide-open to these harmful contents. In this paper, we propose an efficient classification system that can categoriz...