We previously showed that carcinogenic nickel, arsenic, and chromium(VI) compounds induced anchorage independence (AI) in diploid human fibroblastic cells (HFC) derived from foreskins (K. A. Biedermann and J. R. Landolph, Cancer Res., 47: 3815-3823, 1987). To elucidate the role of the valence state of chromium and solubility of chromium compounds in inducing AI, we studied the ability of solubl...

Chromium supplements are thought to be the second most commonly taken nutritional supplement, used by an estimated 10 million Americans (1). Chromium is an essential element in humans, and deficiency is associated with the development of diabetes, which was first noted in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition before the advent of routine chromium supplementation (2,3). In these pati...

Mo40 low-alloy steels are mostly used to produce industrial components such as crane wheels which are exposed to abrasive wear. However, during working conditions, their wear resistance is reduced after a while due to its low hardness. With increasing abrasive wear, the dimensions of components decrease and they need to be repaired for surface modification. In this regard, hard overlay coatings...

a rahalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy using a centrifugal shooting type polishing machine. In tha present work, we examined the effects of the texture of polishing particle and polishing time on the surface roughness of Co-Cr alloy cast specimens. Nine differcnt textures of polishing par'ticle were investigated wiLh respect to core material and paTticle abrasiveness: three (lifferent elastic body cer...

This paper presents the results of a project that evaluated the potential of brush plating as a substitute process for hard chromium and nickel tank plating to reduce the quantity of waste generated during the repair and overhaul of gas turbine engines. The project was conducted dur ing 1992 by Sc ience App l i ca t ions International Corporation (SAIC) for Tinker AFB a n d t h e U . S . E P A ...

Chromium is a naturally occurring, toxic heavy metal used in many industrial processes. The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration has established specific limits for occupational exposure levels of chromium and guidelines for medical surveillance of individuals who have been exposed to chromium. The author presents a case in which a 54-year-old man who had bee...

This study evaluated the toxicity of hexavalent and trivalent compounds of chromium to the pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, in acute exposures of 96 h through mortality and histopathological responses. Hexavalent potassium dichromate was more toxic than trivalent compounds of chromium chloride, chromium oxide and chromium carbochelate. Sufficient mortalities occurred only with potassium dichromat...

Many orthopaedic implants are composed of alloys containing chromium. Of particular relevance is the increasing number of Cobalt Chromium bearing arthroplasies being inserted into young patients with osteoarthritis. Such implants will release chromium ions. These patients will be exposed to the released chromium for over 50 years in some cases. The subsequent chromium ion metabolism and redistr...

chromium(III) up to 100 ng mL−1, and for chromium(VI) up to 200 ng mL−1) were obtained, using the “fixed time” method with detection limits of 4.9 ng mL−1 and 3.8 ng mL−1, respectively. The results suggest that at the reaction conditions chromium(VI) is reduced and chromium(III) is oxidized to an intermediate oxidation state and the catalytic action of chromium is due to the formation of an act...

OBJECTIVES Molecular epidemiological techniques, capable of detecting damage to DNA, were used to see if such damage occurred in the lymphocytes of a group of workers exposed to chromium. The two aims of this pilot study were to see if these new techniques might make useful biological monitoring tools for workers exposed to chromium and also, to help assess whether the current occupational expo...