The task of specializing programming environments for novices begins with the recognition that programming is a hard skill to learn. The lack of student programming skill even after a year of undergraduate studies in computer science was noted and measured in the early 80’s [32] and again in this decade [20]. We know that students have problems with looping constructs [31], conditionals [8], an...

These lectures are for novices who are interested in learning how to do lattice QCD simulations. My intent is to describe in detail everything that one needs to know in order to create and run a simple lattice QCD simulation. My focus here is not on lengthy derivations or detailed comparisons of algorithms. Rather I want to introduce a set of simple ideas and techniques that one can implement i...

Research in many disciplines has used eye-tracking technology to investigate the differences in the visual attention of experts and novices. For example, it has been shown that experts in art and chess spend more time than novices looking at relevant information. Thus, it may be helpful to give novices more direct insight into the way experts allocate their visual attention, for example using a...

In this paper we review the literature relating to the psychological/educational study of programming. We identify general trends comparing novice and expert programmers, programming knowledge and strategies, program generation and comprehension, and objectoriented versus procedural programming. (We do not cover research relating specifically to other programming styles.) The main focus of the ...

Thousands of hours of physical practice substantially change the way movements are performed. The mechanisms underlying altered behavior in highly-trained individuals are so far little understood. We studied experts (handballers) and untrained individuals (novices) in visuomotor adaptation of free throws, where subjects had to adapt their throwing direction to a visual displacement induced by p...

People’s 90% subjective confidence intervals typically contain the true value about 50% of the time, indicating extreme overconfidence. Previous results have been mixed regarding whether experts are as overconfident as novices. Experiment 1 examined interval estimates from information technology (IT) professionals andUCSanDiego (UCSD) students about both the IT industry andUCSD. This within-sub...

The learning process for left-handed students still uses printed media designed non-handed people. It causes to be less comfortable in learning. This study aims develop social studies comics students. research is Research and Development with Hannafin Peck model. Subjects included content, design, experts, 15 data this were collected using the method of tests, questionnaires, observation, unstr...

BACKGROUND Different video-laryngoscopes (VDLs) for endotracheal intubation (ETI) have recently been developed. We compared the performance of the VDL Airway Scope (AWS) with the direct laryngoscopy by Macintosh (DLM) for ETI success, time and learning. METHODS We performed an experimental manikin controlled study. Twenty experienced (experts) and 40 inexperienced operators (novices) for DLM-...

Research into how programs are constructed has shown that an important factor is the programmer's ability to construct mental models of the system and translate them into a program. In novices, the translation ability is often reduced. Programming success can be enhanced if the programming language is closer to the novice's concept of system operation. However, novices are usually advised to st...