This manuscript addresses identification, analysis, formation and occurrence of key disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during chlorination and/or ozonation of both natural seawater (NSW), and synthetic high- and low-bromide saltwater (HBSW and LBSW, respectively). In this study, several groups of water disinfection byproducts were studied, including haloacetic acids (HAAs), halonitromethanes...

In studies to date, the C3H/HeJ strain of mice has been shown to be unresponsive to all the investigated aspects of endotoxicity exerted by phenol extracted endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS), e.g., adjuvant action (1, 2), mitogenicity (3-5), polyclonal B lymphocyte Ig synthesis (1, 6), endotoxic shock (5), enhancement of nonspecific resistance to infection (7), leukocyte changes (8), protecti...

The chemical disinfection of drinking water to control microbial contaminants results in the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The volatile trihalomethanes and the nonvolatile haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most prevalent DBPs. It is important to monitor human exposure to HAAs because of their potential adversehealth effects, such as cancer. Among the HAAs, urinary trichloroacetic a...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces extracellular glycolipids composed of L-rhamnose and 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid called rhamnolipids. Although these compounds are usually regarded as biosurfactants or haemolysins, their exact physiological function is not well understood. Rhamnolipids are synthesized by a rhamnosyltransferase, encoded by the rhlAB operon, which catalyses the transfer of TDP-L-rhamno...

In the absence of shorter term disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) data on regulated Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic acids (HAAs), epidemiologists and risk assessors have used long-term annual compliance (LRAA) or quarterly (QA) data to evaluate the association between DBP exposure and adverse birth outcomes, which resulted in inconclusive findings. Therefore, we evaluated the reliability of u...

The skyrmion formation mechanism in centrosymmetric systems remains to be understood, partially because of the lack fundamental understanding electronic structure. authors observe de Haas--van Alphen and Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations high magnetic fields up 58 $T$ on GdRu${}_{2}$Si${}_{2}$, which is one such skyrmion-hosting magnets with shortest diameter ever found. Combined first-principles...

We present de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) measurements of the isostructural

The Einstein-de Haas effect is a striking example of macroscopic manifestation of microscopic quantum phenomena, in this case magnetization of electron orbital and intrinsic spins in a ferromagnetic rod by an external magnetic field that leads to a net global angular momentum having to be compensated by an opposing twist in the rod. This letter gives a system consisting of a rotating fluid laye...

We analyze the beating behavior of the magnetic quantum oscillations in a layered metal under the conditions when the cyclotron energy h̄ωc is comparable to the interlayer transfer energy t. We find that the positions of the beats in the interlayer resistance are considerably shifted from those in the magnetization oscillations, and predict that the shift is determined by the ratio h̄ωc/t. A comp...