The Cry9Ca1 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis was significantly more toxic to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) than the Cry1Ab6, Cry1Ba1, Cry1Ca2, Cry1Da1, Cry1Ea1, and Cry1Fa2 toxins. It displayed high activity against silkworm (Bombyx mori) but was not toxic to black army cutworm (Actebia fennica) or gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). The Cry9Ca1 is the most effective spruce budworm toxi...

The Cry9Ca1 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis was significantly more toxic to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) than the Cry1Ab6, Cry1Ba1, Cry1Ca2, Cry1Da1, Cry1Ea1, and Cry1Fa2 toxins. It displayed high activity against silkworm (Bombyx mori) but was not toxic to black army cutworm (Actebia fennica) or gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). The Cry9Ca1 is the most effective spruce budworm toxi...

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Repository Citation Koenig, Walter D.; Walters, Eric L.; and Liebhold, Andrew M., "Effects of G...

Relationships were analyzed among the energy-related characteristics of feed consumption by caterpillars spongy moth (also known as gypsy moth) Lymantria dispar L., survival individuals, and fecundity females depending on species a host plant. An optimization model was used for calculations. In this model, efficiency depends two parameters: metabolic degradation caterpillar biomass synthesis. E...

The theory of insect population dynamics has shown that heterogeneity in natural-enemy attack rates is strongly stabilizing. We tested the usefulness of this theory for outbreaking insects, many of which are attacked by infectious pathogens. We measured heterogeneity among gypsy moth larvae in their risk of infection with a nucleopolyhedrovirus, which is effectively heterogeneity in the pathoge...