نتایج جستجو برای: gut functions

تعداد نتایج: 538755  

2017
Lieke WJ van den Elsen Hazel C Poyntz Laura S Weyrich Wayne Young Elizabeth E Forbes-Blom

The gut microbiota provides essential signals for the development and appropriate function of the immune system. Through this critical contribution to immune fitness, the gut microbiota has a key role in health and disease. Recent advances in the technological applications to study microbial communities and their functions have contributed to a rapid increase in host-microbiota research. Althou...

2015
Lian Yee Yip Eric Chun Yong Chan

A broader understanding of factors underlying interindividual variation in pharmacotherapy is important for our pursuit of “personalized medicine.” Based on knowledge gleaned from the investigation of human genetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and transporters, clinicians and pharmacists are able to tailor pharmacotherapies according to the genotype of patients. However, human host factors only...

Journal: :European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2013
F Purchiaroni A Tortora M Gabrielli F Bertucci G Gigante G Ianiro V Ojetti E Scarpellini A Gasbarrini

BACKGROUND The human gut is an ecosystem consisting of a great number of commensal bacteria living in symbiosis with the host. Several data confirm that gut microbiota is engaged in a dynamic interaction with the intestinal innate and adaptive immune system, affecting different aspects of its development and function. AIM To review the immunological functions of gut microbiota and improve kno...

Journal: :Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 2015
Lian Yee Yip Eric Chun Yong Chan

A broader understanding of factors underlying interindividual variation in pharmacotherapy is important for our pursuit of "personalized medicine." Based on knowledge gleaned from the investigation of human genetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and transporters, clinicians and pharmacists are able to tailor pharmacotherapies according to the genotype of patients. However, human host factors only...

2018
Jeonghyun Choi Tai-Young Hur Yonggeun Hong

The gut microbiota forms a large community that coexists with all species, including humans and rodents. Genome projects have been conducted by many researchers in nearly every country to better understand and treat diseases that lead to death in humans. However, the gut microbiota is known as a "second genome" because it includes microbes, genomic DNA, proteins, and metabolites. A large number...

2015
Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro Carmen Alonso-Cotoner Marc Pigrau Beatriz Lobo María Vicario Javier Santos

The interface between the intestinal lumen and the mucosa is the location where the majority of ingested immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the vast gastrointestinal immune system. Upon regular physiological conditions, the intestinal microflora and the epithelial barrier are well prepared to process daily a huge amount of food-derived antigens and non-immunogenic particles. Similarly, ...

Journal: :Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2008
Yolanda Sanz Arlette Santacruz Giada De Palma

Obesity is a major public health issue as it enhances the risk of suffering several chronic diseases of increasing prevalence. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. Gut microbes are considered to contribute to body weight regulation and related disorders by influencing metabolic and immune host functions. The g...

2007
Ken Kurokawa Takehiko Itoh Tomomi Kuwahara Kenshiro Oshima Hidehiro Toh Atsushi Toyoda Hideto Takami Hidetoshi Morita Vineet K. Sharma Tulika P. Srivastava Todd D. Taylor Hideki Noguchi Hiroshi Mori Yoshitoshi Ogura Dusko S. Ehrlich Kikuji Itoh Toshihisa Takagi Yoshiyuki Sakaki Tetsuya Hayashi Masahira Hattori

Numerous microbes inhabit the human intestine, many of which are uncharacterized or uncultivable. They form a complex microbial community that deeply affects human physiology. To identify the genomic features common to all human gut microbiomes as well as those variable among them, we performed a large-scale comparative metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from 13 healthy individuals of variou...

2014
Ajit Kumar Thakur Anshul Shakya Gulam Mohammed Vikas Kumar

Recently, there is a growing interest of research on the relationship of gut-microbiota and neurological disorders. Increasing number of findings suggests the broader role of gut-microbiota in the modulation of various physiological and pathological conditions and it is now well recognized that a bidirectional communication between brain and gut-microbiota is essential to maintain homeostasis. ...

2016
S.W. Tsang K.K.W. Auyeung Z.X. Bian J.K.S. Ko

BACKGROUND Although the precise pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains unknown, it is generally considered to be a disorder of the brain-gut axis, representing the disruption of communication between the brain and the digestive system. The present review describes advances in understanding the pathophysiology and experimental approaches in studying IBS, as well as providing a...

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