Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a spectrum of interrelated diseases including partial and complete molar pregnancy and choriocarcinoma with varying propensity for invasion and metastasis [1—4]. Despite the presence of widespread metastases, persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is highly curable with chemotherapy [2—6]. However, psychological shock is anticipate...

BACKGROUND Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that includes partial and complete hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumour. The incidence of GTD varies in different parts of the world. The malignant potential of this disease is higher in South East Asia in comparison to western countries. Objectives of stu...

BACKGROUND Molar pregnancy represents a significant burden of disease on the spectrum of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD). The incidence appears to be quite high in South Asia. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of GTD, and clinical presentation, management and outcome of patients with molar pregnancy. METHODS This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted ...

Quantification of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in circulating blood derived from a transplanted organ is a powerful approach to monitoring post-transplant injury. Genome transplant dynamics (GTD) quantifies donor-derived cfDNA (dd-cfDNA) by taking advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the genome to discriminate donor and recipient DNA molecules. In its current implemen...

A new method to adjust the pore size in superalloy membranes is shown, utilizing controlled cooling from solution heat treatment of the solid superalloy. Hereby, the nucleation rate and, thus, the size of the γ'-precipitates can be varied to a large extent. This leads to a corresponding variation in the pore size once the membrane material is produced by directional coarsening of the γ'-phase t...

BACKGROUND The incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) differs among regions but has declined significantly over time. In Thailand, the initiation of universal health coverage in 2002 has resulted in a change of medical services countrywide. However, impacts of these policies on gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) cases in Thailand have not been reported. This study aimed to find the incidence ...

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a condition of uncertain etiology, choriocarcioma, or placental-site hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and placental-site trophoblastic tumors. It arises from the abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue and spreads beyond the uterus hematogenously. The early diagnosis of GTD is important to ensure timely and successful managem...

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a very rare variant of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) which arises in reproductive age women with prior gestational history. Although abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom of ETT, there are no reported pathognomonic symptoms of ETT because of its rarity. ETT is similar to placental site trophoblastic tumor in terms of its slow gro...

We present a problem solving paradigm called generate, test and debug (GTD) that combines associational rules and causal models, producing a system with both the efficiency of rules and the breadth of problem solving power of causal models. The generator uses associational rules to generate plausible hypotheses; the tester uses causal models to test the hypotheses and produce a detailed charact...

In this paper, we show for the first time how gradient TD (GTD) reinforcement learning methods can be formally derived as true stochastic gradient algorithms, not with respect to their original objective functions as previously attempted, but rather using derived primal-dual saddle-point objective functions. We then conduct a saddle-point error analysis to obtain finite-sample bounds on their p...