to facilitate a comprehensive whole population visual acuity screening, a 1-meter vision screener “e” chart was prepared to be used in the person-by-person household visual acuity examination by non-expert health workers. the chart is designed to be used in measuring visual acuity from a distance of one meter. the scaling is in terms of-log mar (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) with a ...

Since the 1950s, economic growth rates in industrialized countries have declined. Whereas the per capita growth rate of gross domestic product in industrial countries was 3.7 in the 1950s ind 4.2 in the 1960s, the growth rate came down to 3.0 in the 1970s and to 2.1 in the 1980s (Table 1). This picture of declining growth rates is even stronger when the growth rate is not expressed on a per cap...

Natural capital accounting will confirm what we know — without change, are headed for environmental disaster resulting from economic growth. We propose a natural bank, new institution to help maintain adequacy and chart course sustainable future via accounting.

Accurate serial measurements of height and weight and an accurate record of growth are essential cornponents of the clinical evaluation of all children. Maintenance of a growth chart allows comparison of an individual child with a large population in terms of both percentile ranking and the determination of ‘ ‘ height age’ ‘ : the chronologic age at which the patient’s height falls on the 50th ...

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity in preschool children have increased worldwide in the past two to three decades. Child Health Centers provide a key setting for monitoring growth in preschool children and preventing childhood obesity. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses working at Child Health Centers in southwest Sweden in 2011 and 2012. All interviews were tape r...

Introduction Since production of WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) growth standards in 2006, many countries have adopted the WHO charts for under five children [1]. In UK, WHO growth charts are used until 4 years [2] and in US only up to 2 years of age. Over-diagnosis of stunting and underweight in Asian children is likely with the use of these standards as Asian children are still ...