Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is a technique for estimating the annual rate of exceedance of a specified ground motion at a site due to the known and suspected earthquake sources. A Monte-Carlo approach is utilized to estimate the seismic hazard at a site. This method uses numerous resampling of an earthquake catalog to construct synthetic catalogs to evaluate the ground motion hazard a...

background: the aim of this study was to assess the effects of road deicing salt on the quality of the ground water resources in hamadan province during winter season. methods: water samples were taken monthly from thirty wells located around the hamadan-asadabad highway. the quality of well water was examined by measuring amount of sodium, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solid, elect...

there are 3700 wells in tehran city, of which 850 are deep wells. to determine tehran ground water quality, as a pretest we selected 102 wells by simple random sampling; water analyses were made according to the latest edition (1985) of the standard methods. comparisons of the obtained results with who standards show that only 0.98% of the samples go beyond the maximum desirable concentration o...

wetlands are ecosystems with specific features and functions which have been unfortunatelydamaged by recent pressures and limitations. fast reduction of surface flows, water and wind erosion of soil,changes in the quality of water and soil resources, increasing exploitation of underground water, agriculturaldevelopment, climate change, etc. have had the most effect on these ecosystems. so this ...

Main perennial rivers of Gujarat, Tapi, Narmada, Mahi and Sabarmatiare meeting Arabian Sea in Gulf of Khambhat. The out flow of Mahi River intothe sea is decreased due to construction of dams like Bajaj Sagar, Kadana, Panamand Wanakbori weir. So, Tidal effect of sea and sea water intrusion is beingincreased on landward side. Moreover, due to erratic nature of rainfall andimproper management of ...