Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the functional relationship between seed mass and seedling performance: the reserve effect (larger seeds retain a larger proportion of reserves after germinating), the metabolic effect (seedlings from larger seeds have slower relative growth rates), and the seedling-size effect (larger seeds produce larger seedlings). We tested these hypotheses by ...

Seedling regeneration and morphology of Oregon grape (Berberis nervosa Pursh) and salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) were studied in thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in the central Coast Range, Oregon. Aboveand below-ground growth of both species were significantly and negatively correlated with stand density. Oregon grape appears to have less potent...

Dozens of different software size metrics have been proposed and used. The most known ones are Lines of Code and Function Point metrics. Former one depicts the physical size and latter the functional size of software. It is known that one metric does not suit for all purposes. For example, Lines of Code may not be a suitable metric for early estimation, and Function Points is a too highlevel me...

n-propylsalicylidene based on silica as ion exchanger (ie) was used for the separation by complexation of mn2+, co2+, ni2+, cu2+, hg2+, cr3+, fe3+, and uo22+ from their parent solutions. ie and its metal complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, electronic and infrared spectra, in addition to thermal analysis in atmospheric pressure. the mode of chelation and the proposed geometric str...

This study evaluates how preference by a generalist slug herbivore Arion subfuscus changes inversely with seedling size across three levels of fertilization for three full-sib families of willow seedlings. We analyzed seedlings for condensed tannin and protein concentration, and related these data to changes in palatability. In preference tests over time, leaf discs from more fertilized seedlin...

Clarithromycin (CLA), a broad-spectrum macrolide, is a poorly soluble drug with dissolution rate limited absorption. The aim of this investigation was to prepare CLA nanoparticles from a ternary ground mixture in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as co-grinding water-soluble compounds, in order to improve the drug dissolution rate. Different weight rati...

Successful emergence from the soil is essential for plant establishment in natural and farmed systems. It has been assumed that the absence of light in the soil is the preeminent signal perceived during early seedling development, leading to a distinct morphogenic plan (skotomorphogenesis) [1], characterized by traits providing an adaptive advantage until emergence and photomorphogenesis. These...

Abstract This paper presents DWIE, the ‘Deutsche Welle corpus for Information Extraction’, a newly created multi-task dataset that combines four main Extraction (IE) annotation subtasks: (i) Named Entity Recognition (NER), (ii) Coreference Resolution, (iii) Relation (RE), and (iv) Linking. DWIE is conceived as an entity-centric describes interactions properties of conceptual entities on level c...

he use of tree shelters with naturally established red oak seedlings was studied in southern New England mixedhardwood stands where deer browsing limited regeneration height growth. Seedlings of three size classes (basal diameters of 5 mm, 8 mm, and 15 mm) were cut off just above ground level during the dormant season to induce sprouting. Plastic tree shelters were placed over one group in each...

the main objective of this study was using of canonical correlation analysis (cca) to find relations between 15 different variables of seed emergence and seedling growth related characteristics of seven important crop that were classified in three groups. the studied groups of variables were included physical characteristics (seed weight, seed length, seed density, water absorption and water co...