As a result of advancing globalization and economic activities that go beyond national borders, gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) are becoming dissociated. The two are the same to the extent that they measure (gross) added value generated during a specific period (e.g., one year). A difference between them is, generally speaking, the former focuses on whether economi...

Rice production in most of Asian countries has been increased more rapidly than population and this has been led to increase in supply and proportionately decrease in the real price of rice in world and domestic markets. Furthermore, together with growth in production and national gross income of the country per-capita income has been increased and also demand for rice at national and internati...

BACKGROUND Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an important prevention initiative in reducing HIV/AIDS transmission. Despite current global prevention efforts, many low- and middle-income countries continue reporting low VCT levels. Little is known about the association of within- and between-country socioeconomic inequalities and VCT. Based on the 'inverse equity hypothesis,' this study ...

For several decades, International development and financing institutions have considered gross national income (GNI) the economic touchstone for assessing and evaluating countries’ eligibility for development assistance. TheWorld Bank first developed the metric in 1960s as the basis for decisions on concessional financing through International Development Association (IDA). Since its establish...

Happiness is rising on the political agenda and this calls for measures of how well nations perform in creating great happiness for a great number, analogous to measures of success in creating wealth, such as GDP. Happiness is defined as subjective enjoyment of one’s life as-a-whole and this can be measured using self-reports. Question on happiness are currently used in large scale surveys of t...

Before 2002, 30% of the entire Thai population of 63 million people remained uninsured. With the advent of the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) that combined a medical welfare lowincome card scheme and a government-subsidized voluntary health card scheme with a coverage extension to the remaining uninsured, Thailand achieved the status of universal health coverage (UHC) in 2002 in terms of insur...

This research paper assesses the impact of ICTs (which includes the Internet, mobile phone, pager, personal computer, and telephone) on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita in developing countries in 2005. It found a significant relationship between GNI per capita (in PPP international dollar) and adoption of each ICT (mobile phone, personal computer, and telephone) but not for Internet techn...

Typhoid is a systemic bacterial disease caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (commonly S. Typhi).1 It is usually contracted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by faecal or urinary carriers excreting S. Typhi.2 Typhoid continues to contribute to the global burden of disease, particularly in countries with low and middle gross national income.1 Locally acquired ...

Burney et al recently presented an ecological analysis of Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study data to investigate the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and mortality with smoking and poverty. It is striking that no association was observed between the national prevalence rates of COPD and airflow limitation. This raises serious questions abo...

Vermann (2012) and Thies (1996)’s papers indicate that the paradox of thrift is no longer in vogue United States America (USA). This paper argues still applicable to USA even though she operating with sufficient demand. The main objective this determine whether after Great Depression. In doing this, a vector error correction model was estimated using annual data gross national income, domestic ...