Many grammar checkers in rule-based approach do not handle errors that come from various usages, for example, the usages of prepositions. To study the behavior of prepositions, we introduce the language model into a grammarchecking task. A language model is trained from a large training corpus, which contains many short phrases. It can be used for detecting and correcting certain types of gramm...

Automated conversion has allowed the development of wide-coverage corpora for a variety of grammar formalisms without the expense of manual annotation. Analysing new languages also tests formalisms, exposing their strengths and weaknesses. We present Chinese CCGbank, a 760,000 word corpus annotated with Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) derivations, induced automatically from the Penn Chines...

The straightforward mapping of a grammar onto a connectionist architecture is to make each grammar symbol correspond to a node and each rule correspond to a pattern of connections. The grammar then expresses the c̀ompetence' of the network. The (unsupervised) grammatical inference problem is therefore: how can a network learn to configure itself to reflect the syntactic structure in its input pa...

This study investigated the relationship between Iranian high school students’ Universal Grammar knowledge and their performance on such standardized general English proficiency tests as PET and FCE internationally administered by Cambridge University. To this end, 108 students were randomly chosen from some high schools located in Malayer from Hamedan. Since this study was correlational in nat...

proceeded difference in opinion of grammarians led to the capacity of thought in grammar of arabic language, and cause to the conflict in thought of the grammarians. this research aims to study the difference between grammarians in modern grammatical matters, which is similar to that difference that took place between grammarians in basra and kufa in matters of arabic grammar. the present resea...

The  major  aim  of  this  paper  was  to  investigate  the  validity  of  language  and intelligence  factors  for  classifying  Iranian  English  learners`  writing  performance. Iranian  participants  of  the  study  took  three  tests  for  grammar,  breadth,  and  depth  of vocabulary, and two tests for verbal and narrative intelligence. They also produced a corpus  of  argumentative  writ...

     The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the influence of instructional tools, namely, games, songs and stories on young Iranian EFL learners’ achievement utilizing a quantitative design. To conduct the study 65 Iranian EFL learners, divided into an experimental group and a control group, learning English at Navid English Institute, Shiraz, Iran, participated in the s...

Learning a foreign language offers a great challenge to students since it involves learning different skills and subskills. Quite a few number of researches have been done so far on the relationship between gender and learning a foreign language. On the other hand, two major approaches in teaching grammar have been offered by language experts, inductive and deductive. The present study examines...

Service oriented chatbot systems are used to inform users in a conversational manner about a particular service or product on a website. Our research shows that current systems are time consuming to build and not very accurate or satisfying to users. We find that natural language understanding and natural language generation methods are central to creating an efficient and useful system. In thi...