William Walker is professor of international relations at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. He is the co-author with David Albright and Frans Berkhout of SIPRI’s Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium: World Inventories, Capabilities and Policies (forthcoming, 1996). There have been many recent cases of states reversing course. Russia has embraced capitalism and democracy, China has thr...

What is the impact of surprise and anticipated policy changes when agents form expectations using adaptive learning rather than rational expectations? We examine this issue using the standard stochastic real business cycle model with lump-sum taxes. Agents combine knowledge about future policy with econometric forecasts of future wages and interest rates. Dynamics under learning can have large ...

We have ∀X.A′ ≺ ∀X.B, so A′ ≺ B. Also, we have Σ ` V X : A′, so the RHS has type B = A. • Case (V : A′ p =⇒ ∀X.B) X 7−→ V : A′ p =⇒ B : We have A′ ≺ ∀X.B, so A′ ≺ B. Thus, the RHS has type B = A. • Case V : ∀X.A′ p =⇒ B 7−→ (V ?) : A′[X:=?] p =⇒ B : We have ∀X.A′ ≺ B, so A′[X:=?] ≺ B by Lemma 1. Thus, the RHS has type B. Definition 3. Well-typed contexts, written Σ B E : B ⇒ A, are defined in t...

Automatic detection of translation errors represents one of the more promising applications of NLP techniques to this domain. This paper concentrates on one class of error, the inadvertent omission. To a greater extent than ‘false friends’, terminological inconsistency, etc., the detection of omissions raises problems both theoretical and practical in nature. These problems are discussed, and a...

Enabling smartphones to understand our emotional well-being provides the potential create personalised applications and highly responsive interfaces. However, this is by no means a trivial task - subjectivity in reporting emotions impacts reliability of ground-truth information whereas smartphones, unlike specialised wearables, have limited sensing capabilities. In paper, we propose new approac...

INTRODUCTION The gradual acceptance of Fisher’s “Alternative Hypothesis” of the biology of breast cancer, as confirmed by numerous prospective trials of the past twenty years, has served to support the validity of breast conservation therapy, Appropriate questions are being raised as to whether irradiation is always necessary, especially in view of current evidence that local recurrence of brea...