The title actually assigned to me for discussion on this occasion had a slightly more academic ring than the one I have chosen. I see no reason why, even before this group, a “spade” need be defined as “an elongated instrument by which perspiration and energy are applied to the movement of loose material from one place to another”; let’s just call it a “spade.” Let’s recognize that the Public U...

Internet auction markets offer customers a compelling new model for price disc very. This model places much more power in the hands of the consumer than a retail model that assumes price taking, while giving consumers choice of vendor and product. Models of auction market automation has been evolving for some time. Securities markets in most countries over the past decade have invested signific...

the housing sector can be considered both the exchange of intermediate goods and the investment goods for the manufacturing sectors. the housing sector is the buyer of intermediate goods such as brick, cement, iron etc from one side, and uses the investment goods such as crane etc from other side. furthermore, it uses the labour force. thus, the housing sector has three types of buying which in...

In this study, we focused on Tehran stock exchange market analysis based on applying moving average rules. The Tehran stock exchange in the Middle East has evolved into an exciting and growing marketplace where individual and institutional investor trade securities of over 420 companies. In an attempt to examine the ability to earn excess return by exploiting moving average rules, the average a...

This paper provides a short introduction into the mathematical foundations of the theory of valuing derivative securities. We discuss the mathematical setting of option price theory and derive the relationship between no-arbitrage and mar-tingales. We provide examples how this theory can be applied to equity and foreign-exchange derivatives. We also explain how the theory can be applied to inte...

This study measures the proportion of U.S. real exchange rate movements that can be accounted for by movements in the relative prices of nontraded goods. The decomposition is done at all possible horizons that the data allow—from one month up to 30 years. The accounting is performed with five different measures of nontraded-goods prices and real exchange rates, for exchange rates of the United ...

study of the variables which explain real exchange rate fluctuations and real exchange rate deviation from its long-run equilibrium path, indicates that these variables have negative effects on the supply of agricultural products, for export. therefore,it seems that any attempt on stabilizing real exchang rate and bringing it closer to its equilibrium rate can be favorable in the expansion of e...

The Housing sector can be considered both the exchange of intermediate goods and the investment goods for the manufacturing sectors. The housing sector is the buyer of intermediate goods such as brick, cement, iron etc from one side, and uses the investment goods such as crane etc from other side. Furthermore, it uses the labour force. Thus, the housing sector has three types of buying which in...

The authors exploit the duality between the directional output price distance function and the maximal revenue function to estimate the price efficiency of Japanese securities firms during 2000 to 2007, a period in which securities firms faced greater competitive pressures. The directional output price distance function gives the maximum feasible addition to output prices, given inputs and a re...