Physical foundations of directional auger electron spectroscopy (DAES) and calculation of DAES profiles in single scattering cluster approach are presented. Limitations of this method (application only to investigation of the crystalline structure of homogeneous samples) is shown and explained as the result of participation of inelastically scattered electrons in the Auger signal generation. To...

In this paper, we address the problem of speech activity detection in multimodal perceptive environments. Such space may contain many different microphones (lapel, distant or table top). Thus, we need a generic speech activity detector in order to cope with different speech conditions (from closetalking to noisy distant speech). Moreover, as the number of microphones in the room can be high, we...

We introduce the notions of one-sided dirings, 3-irreducible left modules, 3-primitive left dirings, 3-semi-primitive left dirings, 3-primitive ideals and 3-radicals. The main results consists of two parts. The first part establishes two external characterizations of a 3-semi-primitive left diring. The second part characterizes the 3-radical of a left diring by using 3-primitive ideals. By forg...

The aim of this paper is to explore key dimensions of the reproductive experiences of disabled women who are, or who are thinking about becoming, mothers. The paper reports a qualitative study which involved semi-structured interviews with 17 disabled women who were contemplating childbearing, or were pregnant, and/or had young children. The interpretation of these women's experiences is situat...

American medicine remains, at least arguably, the best in the world. The United States leads the world in laboratory and clinical research, producing far more new scientific discoveries than any other country. Americans continue to lead the world in Nobel Prizes in medicine. People come from all over the world for education and to train in leading American centers of excellence. Despite the exc...

We try to buy good enough locks so that the "bad guys" can't break in too often. The terms "good enough," "break in" and "too often" are key. We also assume that the police and courts work, so "bad guys" are caught and punished. "Police" in this context is a generic term for any agency that might pursue offenders; it includes the corporate hierarchy or the legal system. Similarly, the "bad guys...

An analysis is presented to characterise the reactivity effects in molten lead energy amplifiers. Limitations in the nominal k-eff value to avoid reaching criticality in abnormal conditions impose restrictions to the nominal value of the neutron flux. If those restrictions become very severe because of safety features, the transmutation performance would not be good enough. Very long burnup per...

The Graham-Rothschild Parameter Sets Theorem is one of the most powerful results of Ramsey Theory. (The Hales-Jewett Theorem is its most trivial instance.) Using the algebra of βS, the Stone-Čech compactification of a discrete semigroup, we derive an infinitary extension of the GrahamRothschild Parameter Sets Theorem. Even the simplest finite instance of this extension is a significant extensio...

Knowledge bases theory provide an important example of the field where applications of universal algebra and algebraic logic look very natural, and their interaction with practical problems arising in computer science might be very productive. In this paper we study the equivalence problem for knowledge bases. Our interest is to find out how the informational equivalence is related to the logic...

Cognitive Science (CogSci) and AI are addressed from the perspective of inductive inference research, specifically as applied to language learning. Language so represents intelligence that results bridge gaps between the fields. We give examples of rigorous results intractable for AI machines and humans; AI results humans find satisfactory; and AI-Hard problems with “good enough” solutions, ada...