Abuse of antitussive preparations is a continuing problem in the United States and throughout the world. Illicit, exploratory, or recreational use of dextromethorphan and codeine/promethazine cough syrups is widely described. This review describes the pharmacology, clinical effects, and management of toxicity from commonly abused antitussive formulations.

Suspensions may be defined as preparations containing finely divided drug particles (the suspensoid) distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle with or without stabilizers and other additives in which drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility hence conventional oral suspension can be administered immediately (ready to use form) and not requiring reconstitution at the time of dispens...

We derive a chemically realistic coarse grain model and force field for the simulation of malto-oligosaccharides (R(1f4) D-glucans) and their aqueous mixtures. This coarse grain model for carbohydrates (denoted M3B) represents each glucose monomer by three beads while describing the water molecule as a single particle. M3B includes no charges or hydrogen-bonding terms, using only two-body Morse...