A recent study by Aviles-Olmos and colleagues suggests that 12 months of treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide improves motor and cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), and that the effect persists as long as 12 months after termination of the treatment. Due to the lack of a placebo control, one cannot exclude that the observed differences between patien...

Long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are increasingly used to treat type 2 diabetes. An increase of heart rate (HR) has been observed with their use. To elucidate the role of the cardiac sympatho-vagal balance as a possible mediator of the reported increase in HR, we performed power spectral analysis of HR variability (HRV) in patients receiving exenatide extended-release (ER)....

OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a regulatory peptide synthesized in the gut and the brain that plays an important role in the regulation of food intake. Both GLP-1 and exendin (Ex)-4, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1r) agonist, reduce food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly, whereas Ex4 is much more potent at suppressing food intake when given peripherally. It has ...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and oxyntomodulin (OXM) are peptide hormones secreted postprandially from the gut that stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. OXM activates both the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR). It has been suggested that OXM acutely modulates glucose metabolism solely through GLP1R agonism. Because OXM activates the GLP1R with lowe...

The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and there is great interest in characterizing the pharmacology of the GLP-1 receptor and its ligands. In the present report, we have applied bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays to measure agonist-induced recruitment of betaarrestins and G-protein-coupled receptor kinas...