The increased use of mobile phones worldwide has focused interest on the biological effects and possible health outcomes of exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phones, and their base stations. Various reports suggest that mobile phone use can cause health problems like fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension, and sleep disturbances; however, only limited research data is available in me...

there area lot of mobile computer devices with a variety of applications and users tend to use them more. due to the limitations of mobile devices, running most of the procedures are impossible. to resolve this problem, mobile devices can be connected to the grid, to use the facilities of grid. on the other hand the communication mechanisms are different for each device and they cannot be conne...

Objective(s) The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) for the living organisms and human body are a growing concern for our society. In this study, we examined the possibility of changes in working memory and hippocampal histological characteristics effects in mice brain following whole body exposure to microwave radiation. Materials and Methods During gestation per...

We present a novel hybrid communication protocol that guarantees mobile users’ k-anonymity against a wide-range of adversaries by exploiting the capability of handheld devices to connect to both WiFi and cellular networks. Unlike existing anonymity schemes, we consider all parties that can intercept communications between the mobile user and a server as potential privacy threats. We formally qu...

In this paper, we improve the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) authentication protocol to reduce the signaling loads on the network. The proposed protocol introduces a notion of the enhanced user profile containing a few of VLR IDs for the location areas where a mobile user is most likely to visit. We decrease the authentication costs for roaming users by exploiting the enhanced us...

GSM, the Global System for Mobile communications, is a digital cellular communications system which has rapidly gained acceptance and market share worldwide, although it was initially developed in a European context. In addition to digital transmission, GSM incorporates many advanced services and features, including ISDN compatibility and worldwide roaming in other GSM networks. The advanced se...

The global system for mobile communications, (GSM) is the most popular standard that implements second generation (2G) cellular systems. 2G systems combined with general packet radio services (GPRS) (3GPP TS 03.6, 2002) are often described as 2.5G, that is, a technology between the 2G and third generation (3G) of mobile systems. GPRS is a service that provides packet radio access for GSM users....