The paper considers two countries each populated by workers and capitalists and equipped with a government that collects taxes to nance productive expenditure and income redistribution. The share of income redistributed de nes the size of the welfare state. Both groups in each country bene t from an abolition of the welfare state in the long run. Nevertheless, the optimal scal policy in autarky...

We develop a general-equilibrium model to capture key features of the retailing and of the manufacturing industry in order to understand how these two industries interact and how labor is allocated between them. We show that the observed shift in employment from manufacturing to retailing, the rise in retailer product assortment and the emergence of slotting allowances in many retail markets ar...

BACKGROUND Historically, implementing nutrition policy has confronted persistent obstacles, with many of these obstacles arising from political economy sources. While there has been increased global policy attention to improving nutrition in recent years, the difficulty of translating this policy momentum into results remains. DISCUSSION We present key political economy themes emanating from ...

This paper examines the relationship between urbanisation and globalisation beyond the so-called global cities that have been the focus of so much contemporary urban research. The paper argues that there is a problematic polarisation in urban studies between research on ‘global’ cities and work on presumably ‘non-global’ cities. The existing geographical literature on scale, place and uneven de...

Virtually all economists, liberal or conservative, believe that free (or freer) trade is a good thing: good for consumers, good for workers. Why? Because consumers are able to buy products from the cheapest vendor, and workers are able to take jobs that offer the highest wages. But if trade is such a good idea, why do non-economists find the idea so puzzling, and even dangerous? The purpose of ...

Using panel data for 68 countries over the period 1975-2002 this paper examines how IMF programs, disbursed loans, and compliance with conditionality affect the risk of currency crises and the outcome of such crises. Specifically, we investigate whether countries with previous IMF intervention are more likely to experience currency crises. In a second step, we analyze the IMF’s impact on a coun...

The purpose of this research is to further the knowledge required for building electronic commerce s stems that operate in multiple languages in global settings. The issues in multilingual electronic commerce are presented in two parts. First we describe a bilingual electronic catalog that can be used by online retailers for selling products and/or services to customers interacting in either En...

This paper illustrates, how experimentation with a system dynamics model may be used to determine the terms of trade for meeting long term contentions for sustaining global economic relations and environment. It has two parts, a review of empirical evidence that describes the trends in the volume and the nature of international trade over the past decade, and an exploratory analysis of their im...

In today’s economics, the fact that information is a major factor of production and of increasing importance as a source of competitive advantage is a generally accepted truism. The trend towards global markets has strongly impacted the competitive situation of many enterprises. Never has the economic environment been subject to so many drastic and rapid changes. This put new weight factors on ...

Due to the integration and interrelatedness of the global economy in recent decades, the onset of financial crisis from the U.S. economy and its diffusion to the other global economies has led to the most important events and global financial crisis at the beginning of the third millennium. This investigation aims to examine the impact of financial distress on tax avoidance of the listed compan...