Ti/PbO2/Sb2O3 electrode was used as indicator electrode in potentiometric and conductometric titration in aqueous solution at 298 K. The E-pH curve is linear with a slope of 0.0505 V/dec at 298 K which is close to the theoretical value 2.303RT/F (0.059 V at 298 K). The standard potential of this electrode, E, is computed with respect to the SCE as reference electrode. The recovery percentages f...

The purpose of this study was to develop novel methods for attachment and cultivation of specifically positioned single yeast cells on a microelectrode surface with the application of a weak electrical potential. Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid strains attached to an indium tin oxide/glass (ITO) electrode to which a negative potential between -0.2 and -0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl was applied, while they...

An inkjet-printed silver electrode and a spin-coated cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol)(PVP) dielectric layer were used as a gate electrode and a gate insulator for a bottom-gate pentacene thinlm transistor (TFT), respectively. The printing and the curing conditions of the printed silver electrode were optimized and tested on various substrates, such as glass, silicon, silicon dioxide, polyethers...

The use of micro-glass electrodes sensitive to the activity of selected cations has permitted a direct measurement of intracellular ionic activity , e. g., the activity of hydrogen ion in a single crab muscle fiber (CALDWELL 1954), and in a single squid giant axon (CALDWELL 1958, SPYROPOULOS 1960), the activity of sodium and potassium ion in a single squid giant axon (HINKE 1960). With a micro-...

A biofuel cell (BFC) cathode has been developed based on direct electron transfer (DET) of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules with an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode and their electrocatalysis for reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, the ITO-coated glass plates or porous glasses were prepared by using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and examined the electrochemical characteris...

An indium tin oxide glass electrode coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, PEDOT-ITOE, was proposed as an electrode workable as both a reference electrode and a counter one, a reference/counter electrode, in an organic phase and applied to a thin-layer cell of a two-electrode system for voltammetry at the liquid | liquid interface. By oxidizing the PEDOT film by 50% and doping a s...

A glass capillary ultramicroelectrode (tip diameter approximately 1.2 microm) having an electrokinetic sampling ability is described. It is composed of a pulled glass capillary filled with an inner solution and three internal electrodes (Pt working and counter electrodes and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode). The voltammetric response of the capillary electrode is based on electrokinetic transpor...

Electrostatic driving and capacitive detection is widely used in micro hemispheric shell resonators (HSR). The capacitor gap distance is a dominant factor for the initial capacitance, and affects the driving voltage and sensitivity. In order to decrease the equivalent gap distance, a micro HSR with annular electrodes fabricated by a glassblowing method was developed. Central and annular cavitie...

The patch clamp method measures membrane currents at very high resolution when a high-resistance 'gigaseal' is established between the glass microelectrode and the cell membrane (Pflugers Arch. 391 (1981) 85; Neuron 8 (1992) 605). Here we describe the first use of the silicone elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), for patch clamp electrodes. PDMS is an attractive material for patch clamp re...

The nickel phosphide thin films were electrochemically deposited on FTO glass (3.1 mm thick, 13 Ω/ , Nippon Sheet Glass) using potentiostatic (PS) and periodic pulse-reverse (PR) techniques at room temperature in a homemade three-electrode cell. FTO, Pt foil, and SCE (saturated calomel electrode) were used as the working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes, respectively. The deposition bath co...