We propose and demonstrate a new fabrication process of a microchannel using the Damascene process. This process aims to integrate photonic circuits with microchannels fabricated in a glass film. The microchannel is fabricated by the removal of the sacrificial layer after a sacrificial layer is formed by the Damascene process and the cover is formed by sputter deposition. A thin cover layer can...

Most protein crystallisation begins from heterogeneous nucleation; in practice, crystallisation typically occurs in the presence of a solid surface in the solution. The solid surface provides a nucleation site such that the energy barrier for nucleation is lower on the surface than in the bulk solution. Different types of solid surfaces exhibit different surface energies, and the nucleation bar...

Micro-optical probes, including gradient index (GRIN) lenses and microprisms, have expanded the range of in vivo multiphoton microscopy to reach previously inaccessible deep brain structures such as deep cortical layers and the underlying hippocampus in mice. Yet imaging with GRIN lenses has been fundamentally limited by large amounts of spherical aberration and the need to construct compound l...

MOD17A2 provides near real-time estimates of gross primary production (GPP) globally. In this study, MOD17A2 GPP was evaluated using eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements at eight sites in five various biome types across China. The sensitivity of MOD17A2 to meteorological data and leaf area index/fractional photosynthetically active radiation (LAI/FPAR) products were examined by introducing si...

Glass-box testing tries to cover paths through the tested code, based on a given criterion such as def-use chain coverage. When generating glass-box test cases manually, the user is likely to overlook some def-use chains. Moreover it is difficult to find suitable test cases which cause certain def-use chains to be passed. We have developed a tool which automatically generates a system of test c...

We have performed a detailed dielectric investigation of the relaxational dynamics of glass-forming benzophenone. Our measurements cover a broad frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 120 GHz and temperatures from far below the glass temperature well up into the region of the small-viscosity liquid. With respect to the α relaxation this material can be characterized as a typical molecular glass former wi...

Samples for single-emitter spectroscopy are usually prepared by spin-coating a dilute solution of emitters on a microscope cover slip of silicate based glass (such as quartz). Here, we show that both borosilicate glass and quartz contain intrinsic defect colour centres that fluoresce when excited at 532 nm. In a microscope image the defect emission is indistinguishable from spin-coated emitters...

Buildings represent more than 40% of Europe's energy demands and about one third of its CO2 emissions. Energy efficient buildings and, in particular, building skins have therefore been among the key priorities of international research agendas. Here, glass-glass fluidic devices are presented for large-area integration with adaptive façades and smart windows. These devices enable harnessing and ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxic effects of etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesive systems. The sterile glass cover slips (n = 3) were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups: (1) Adper™ Single Bond 2; (2) Ambar; (3) Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose; (4) Scotchbond™ Universal; (5) Ambar Univers...

(a) Equipment—(1) Chromatography tank. A rectangular tank, approximately 9 × 9 × 3.5 inches with a glass solvent trough on the bottom. (2) Plates. Use 20 × 20 centimeter thin layer chromatography plates coated with Silica Gel G or equivalent to a thickness of 250 microns. (b) Developing solvent. Mix benzene and methanol in volumetric proportions of 90:10. (c) Preparation of spotting solutions— ...