Current research has established that women and minorities are underrepresented among managers, especially among top-level managers. However, studies have not tested whether the glass ceiling effect exists in the strict sense as a disadvantage in advancing to top-level positions in organizational hierarchies. This study discusses the criteria for identifying the glass ceiling effect and tests i...

Partisipasi perempuan di ranah publik bukan merupakan suatu fenomena baru, representasi yang menempati jabatan struktural dapat diibaratkan seperti piramida, semakin tinggi jabatannya maka sedikit jumlah perempuannya, dan sebaliknya rendah dalamnya banyak. Dengan metode Penelitian Kualitatif sifatnya deskriptif, bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran secara menyeluruh mengenai hambatan PNS dalam m...

The general-case glass ceiling hypothesis states that not only is it more difficult for women than for men to be promoted up levels of authority hierarchies within workplaces but also that the obstacles women face relative to men become greater as they move up the hierarchy. Gender-based discrimination in promotions is not simply present across levels of hierarchy but is more intense at higher ...

Many companies have recognized that the workforce of the future will be significantly more diverse than in the past. A substantial number of these new employees will be women. Industry must create an environment that attracts the best, brightest, and most talented women and provide an environment that empowers them to reach their full potential. Barriers to advancement, such as the real or perc...