Background: In mammalian ovaries, loss of over two-thirds of germ cells happens due to cell death. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of cell death has yet to be determined. The present basic practical study was designed to detect 3 types of programmed cell death, namely apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, in murine embryonic gonadal ridges and neonatal ovaries.Methods: Twenty gonadal ridges and ...

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a rather common cancer in northern iran. incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagus has an increasing trend in iran. co-existence of both cancers in one patient is very rare. we report a middle age woman from northern iran with a typical presentation of esophageal cancer, who was found to have a dual esophageal cancer. the disease was found in the advanced st...

A 34-year-old tetraplegic patient with suppurative epididymitis was found on follow-up examination and ultrasonography to have a testicular mass. The radical orchiectomy specimen contained an undifferentiated spindled sex cord-stromal tumor arising in the rete testis. Testicular sex cord-stromal tumors are far less common than germ cell neoplasms and are usually benign. The close relationship b...

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare germ cell neoplasm of childhood that usually arises from the testis or ovary. The rare cases of YST in various extragonadal locations have been reported, but the primary intrarenal YST is even more uncommon. Here, we report a case of a primary intrarenal YST with tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein in a 2-year-old boy, with an emphasis on ...

Objective(s): Although many researchers have confirmed induction of germ cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), there are no reports that confirm spontaneous differentiation of germ cells from BMMSCs. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of adult Sertoli cell condition medium (SCCM) as a mutative factor in the induction of germ cells from BMMSCs. Materials and Methods: ...

introduction: Seminoma comprises ~50% of testicular germ cell tumors. Renal metastases are infrequent and are usually diagnosed at necropsy. Clinical case: A 24-year-old male with a history of left radical orchiectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy due to classic seminoma (stage I) showed elevated levels of b-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase during the 11-month follow-up. Compu...

Choriocarcinoma (CC), a subtype of trophoblastic disease, is rare and highly aggressive neoplasm. There are two main CC subtypes: gestational non-gestational, (so called when it develops as component germ cell tumor or related to somatic mutation poorly differentiated carcinoma), each with very diverse biological activity. A therapeutic approach effective in patients early-stage CC. The advance...

Several clinicopathological illnesses impact the testis and paratesticular area, which are divided into non-neoplastic neoplastic diseases. Despite availability of imaging tumor marker testing, histopathological examination is primary method for diagnosing testicular lesions. Common indications orchidectomy lesions cryptorchidism, epididymitis torsion. Few non- present as mimickers neoplasm wit...

received: 23/sep/2008, accepted: 23/nov/2008oct-4/ pou5f1/ oct-3, a pou domain family protein acts as a crucial transcription factor dur- ing embryonic development. it helps in maintenance of self renewal as well as pluripotential state of embryonic stem (es) cells. its expression starts right from 2 cell stage especially prior to 8 cell stage till the blastocyst stage where it is strongly exp...