Growing concerns over global environmental change, water resources, river restoration, and sustainable river management are focusing attention on the human dimension of fl uvial systems. This GSA Special Paper presents a set of studies and interpretations of river-channel change that refl ect modern viewpoints of river management in the twenty-fi rst century. It seeks to bridge a rich body of l...

Exploring the phenomenon of surface cracks and abnormal ground behavior during coal mining under gully landforms, laboratory physical similarity simulation models were established to study movement characteristics laws working faces different methods landforms. The results indicate that in cases when a roadway is situated below top slope, corresponding deformation surrounding rock aggravated by...

In elliptic curve cryptography, the problem of computing an integer k from two points on the ellipse namely kp, p the computation of ap+bq+cr+ds, is performed from Shamir’s method. In this paper an algorithm is proposed for computing the minimum joint weight for the integers a, b, c, d, examining them from left to right. Keywords—ECC protocol, JSF algorithm, joint weight, optimality, ISB repres...

called a Parallel Force/Velocity Actuator (PFVA), that combines two fundamentally distinct actuators (one using low gear reduction or even direct drive, which we will call a Force Actuator (FA) and the other with a high reduction gear train that we will refer to as a Velocity Actuator (VA)). The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the relative scale factor, RSF, (ratio of gear r...

The Resources and Shaping Forces (RSF) model is developed from a case study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, using modified grounded theory. It provides a conceptual framework for identifying, describing and analysing livelihood and natural systems at the community level, and helps link the principles of sustainable livelihoods to those of community development. The shaping forces set of instituti...

In the analysis below, we consider introducing a second contractor early in the JSF program. Our focus is on what makes sense at the beginning of EMD, which should occur approximately a year after this study. For this study, we have cost data regarding the baseline winnertake-all program from both of the JSF contractors plus the JSF Program Office. The alternative is to introduce competition, f...

In the evolution processes of wind blown sand movement and aeolian geomorphology, it always contains some complex behaviors, for example, the nonlinear character of turbulence and attractors, the stochastic character of wind gust, liftoff and movement of sand, the interaction among wind field, sand movement, electric field in wind blown sand flux and thermal diffusion, multi-scale character fro...

The present study deals with the inter-relations in the relief which forms the Bacia do Alto Rio Paraguay (BAP) in mid-west Brazil. The overall aim is to discuss the relationship between relief forms and the biodiversity of the Pantanal. The BAP is a natural environmental system with contrasts in two of the compartments on which it is formed: the plateau, the most elevated compartment, highly t...

This sixth special issue on Marine and Coastal Geographic Information Systems (M&CGIS) 11 is the first to be based on an organized series of presentations at a conference, the 2008 12 Association of American Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, 13 USA. The papers were selected and peer reviewed for publication in this special issue 14 under the theme “Marine Geomorphology ...

The world’s arid lands are some of the most beautiful landscapes on Earth, and their paucity of vegetation often makes it possible to see landforms and structures with great clarity (Figure 1.1). In addition, they have many characteristics both in terms of landforms and geomorphological processes that render them different from other major environments (see, for example, Laity, 2008; Parsons an...