1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Epidemiology of group B Streptococcus 3.1. Disease presentation and incidence 3.2. Asymptomatic colonization 3.3. Transmission and pathogenesis 3.4. Risk factors 4. Prevention efforts 5. Overview of molecular methods 6. Phenotypic characteristics 6.1. Serotype 6.2. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles 6.3. Expressed virulence factors 6.3.1. Polysaccharide capsule 6....

Yellow sweet clover is a widely spread legume species that has potential to be used as a forage crop in Western China. However, limited information is available on the genetic variation for herbage yield, key morphological traits, and coumarin content. In this study, 40 half sib (HS) families of M. officinalis were evaluated for genotypic variation and phenotypic and genotypic correlation for t...

IBDSim is a package for the simulation of genotypic data under isolation by distance. It is based on a backward 'generation by generation' coalescent algorithm allowing the consideration of various isolation by distance models with discrete subpopulations as well as continuous populations. Many dispersal distributions can be considered as well as heterogeneities in space and time of the demogra...

maryam sadat salamati1, hossein zeinali2 ,ehdi yousefi3     1- ardestan branch, islamic azad university, ardestan, iran   2- esfahan agricultural and natural research center, isfahan, iran   3- assist. prof, payam noor university, isfahan, iran             received: 10 february 2011 accepted: 26 may 2011     * corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected]       abstract     in order to...

objective(s): macrolide resistant streptococcus pneumoniae pose an emerging problem globally. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ermb and mefa genes (macrolide resistant genes) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method and to detect drug resistance patterns of s. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples to macrolides and other antibiotic agents by e-test method. materia...

Hybrid zones as windows on evolutionary processes provide a natural laboratory for studying the genetic basis and mechanisms of postzygotic isolation. One resultant pattern in hybrid zones is the Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD) for a single locus or the linkage disequilibrium (LD) for multiple loci produced by natural selection against hybrids. However, HWD and the commonly used low-order g...

In Norway, paratuberculosis has been frequently diagnosed in goats, while cattle have been almost free of the infection. This difference in prevalence between goats and cattle has led to speculations about the existence of a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis) isolate that is non-pathogenic for cattle. There is little information available on genotypic variation...

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered to be the main pathogen in PC-associated diseases, and significantly affects the global pig-producing industry. PCV2 continuously evolves by point mutations and genome recombinations. In the present study, we aimed to further identify recombinant PCV2 strains. We used polymerase chain reaction to detect PCV2 in the carcasses of pigs with suspected ...