Enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) is essential for the sustainable and green development of utilization. The conventional Super Slack-Based Measure (CSSBM) model commonly employed to measure WUE, however, it prone underestimating WUE due its exaggeration slack variable. Recognizing need deal with problems involving variable without limitation, we propose an improved Super-SBM (ISSBM) that as...

OBJECTIVE In adults, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, even within the normoglycemic range, are associated with increased diabetes risk. This investigation tested the hypothesis that beta-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity decreases with increasing FPG in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 223 youth with FPG <126 mg/dl underwent evaluation of first- and second-...

OBJECTIVE Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) represents a pre-diabetic state. Controversy continues in regards to its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in insulin sensitivity (IS) and secretion in obese adolescents with IGT compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 12 obese adolesce...

GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) play a primary role in modulating the activation of GTPases and may also be critical for the cellular compartmentalization of GTPases. RhoGDI and GDI/D4 are two currently known GDIs for the Rho-subfamily of GTPases. Using their cDNAs to screen a human brain cDNA library under low stringency, we have cloned a homologous cDNA preferentially expressed at high lev...

Accumulating evidence suggests that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase implicated in neuronal development, mood stabilization, and neurodegeneration. However, the synaptic actions of GSK-3 are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the impact of GSK-3 on AMPA receptor (AMPAR) channels, the major mediator of excitatory transmission, in cortical neurons. Applicati...

Accumulating evidence suggests that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase implicated in neuronal development,mood stabilization, andneurodegeneration. However, the synaptic actions of GSK-3 are largely unknown. In this study,we examined the impact ofGSK-3 onAMPAreceptor (AMPAR) channels, the major mediator of excitatory transmission, in cortical neurons. Application of ...

Alpha(v)beta8 integrin expression is restricted primarily to kidney, brain, and placenta. Targeted alpha(v) or beta8 deletion is embryonic lethal due to defective placenta and brain angiogenesis, precluding investigation of kidney alpha(v)beta8 function. We find that kidney beta8 is localized to glomerular mesangial cells, and expression is decreased in mouse models of glomerulosclerosis, sugge...

PURPOSE Rho family members are small GTPases that are known to regulate malignant transformation and motility of cancer cells. The activities of Rhos are regulated by molecules such as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). This study determined the levels of expression and the distribution of Rho-A, -B, -C, and -G, and Rho-6, -7, and -8, as well as Rho-GDI-beta, and Rho-GDI-gamma, ...

Low power 8 bit GDI magnitude comparator is proposed in this paper which has an advantage of minimum power dissipation, reduced propagation delay and less number of transistors required as compare to conventional CMOS magnitude comparator. Proposed GDI magnitude comparator is designed at 100MHz frequency with 1.8 v supply voltage using 180nm technology using CADENCE VLSI EDA tools. The performa...

Full Swing Gate Diffusion Input (FS-GDI) methodology is presented. The proposed methodology is applied to a 40 nm Carry Look Ahead Adder (CLA). The CLA is implemented mainly using GDI full-swing F1 and F2 gates, which are the counterparts of standard CMOS NAND and NOR gates. A 16-bit GDI CLA was designed in a 40 nm low power TSMC process. The CLA, implemented according to the proposed methodolo...