A generic function is a function that is defined on the structure of data types: with a single definition, we obtain a function that works for many data types. In contrast, an ad-hoc polymorphic function requires a separate implementation for each data type. Previous work by Hinze on lightweight generic programming has introduced techniques that allow the definition of generic functions directl...

• Innovator drugs are given their own brand name and a common generic name that is shared with products certified as bioequivalent by a regulatory authority. • Characteristics—including names—that uniquely identify a seller’s product are entitled to legal protection against misappropriation. • Well-controlled studies and decades of use reveal that generic drugs approved by the Food and Drug Adm...

A checklist of all identified species of the staphylinid subfamily Aleocharinae known to occur in New Zealand and associated outer islands (including the Kermadec, Chatham and Auckland Islands) is presented. Included for each species, and for synonyms known from New Zealand, is a reference to the original description, type locality and type depository, and for each species the known distributio...

To address the debate on the safety of generic substitution quantitatively, the author compared the change in AUC in virtual patients who were simulated for several different scenarios of generic substitution. In four scenarios of original (branded) to generic and generic to generic substitution, 5,000 virtual patients were simulated per scenario using the programming software R. The mean popul...

A generic risk matrix is presented for use identifying and assessing project risks quickly and cost effectively. It assists project managers with few resources to perform project risk analysis. The generic risk matrix (GRM) contains a broad set of risks that are categorized and ranked according to their potential impact and probability of occurrence. The matrix assists PMs in quickly identifyin...

abstract the present study examined the effect of genre-based tasks on efl learners' speaking performance and probed whether genre-based tasks may empower efl learners to perform better on speaking tests. a further concern of the study was to explore whether the effect of genre-based tasks on speaking ability of efl learners varied across different age groups, i.e. teenagers (13-16 years o...

Let g(X) ∈ K(t1, . . . , tm)[X] be a generic polynomial for a group G in the sense that every Galois extension N/L of infinite fields with group G and K ≤ L is given by a specialization of g(X). We prove that then also every Galois extension whose group is a subgroup of G is given in this way. Let K be a field and G a finite group. Let us call a monic, separable polynomial g(t1, . . . , tm, X) ...

An eye-tracking experiment was conducted with speakers of Dutch (N = 84, 36 male), a language that falls between grammatical and natural-gender languages. We tested whether masculine generic pronoun causes male bias when used in statements—that is, the absence specific referent. two types statements by varying conceptual number, hypothesizing zijn “his” more likely to cause conceptually singula...

Generic prescribing and generic substitution are mechanisms for reducing the cost of drugs. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which generic prescribing by private medical practitioners and generic substitution by private pharmacists is practised in South Africa and to estimate the potential savings from these two practices. Prescriptions from 10 pharmacists were collected on...