A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is an electronic contract between the consumer and the provider of a service. It governs their business relationship by clarifying expectations and obligations of participating entities, with regard to the service and its quality. SLAs are already the prime paradigm for the description of cloud computing services. Once an SLA is established, the provider has to e...

The paper proposes a structure for quality-of-service (QoS)-centered service level agreements (SLA), and a framework for their real-time management in multiservice packet networks. The SLA is structured to be fair to both parties, the service provider and their customer. The SLA considered here are for QoS assured delivery of aggregate bandwidth from ingress to egress nodes; however, the contro...

Selenocysteine (Sec) is inserted into selenoproteins co-translationally with the help of various cis- and trans-acting factors. The specific mechanisms of Sec biosynthesis and insertion into protein in eukaryotic cells, however, are not known. Two proteins, SECp43 and the soluble liver antigen (SLA), were previously reported to interact with tRNA([Ser]Sec), but their functions remained elusive....

With Grid computing adopting Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), resources are represented by services with standardized interfaces and the management of resources converges to the more general management of services (i.e. the Service Level Management). The key to Service Level Management is the management of Service Level Agreement (SLA), a formal contract between the provider and consumer of...

The negotiation on Service Level Agreement (SLA) in current complex cloud environment often involves the multilateral negotiation. Therefore, this paper presents an SLA-oriented multiparty trust negotiation model based on Hierarchical Colored Petri Net (HCPN) in cloud environment. This model mainly provides trust negotiation of SLA parameters such as credibility, reliability, availability and s...

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a business operations concept that is sometimes inappropriately applied to engineering development. When an SLA is not converted to engineering requirements, development occurs blindly, and testing is probably done against some of the values specified in the SLA. The result is higher risk and higher cost. This paper illustrates some fundamental aspects of the ...

The aim of this paper is to introduce and present the main drivers and basic concepts for SLA management. We discuss the business requirements according to two points of view: the Customer and the Service Provider, and we go into more detail on the technical requirements for both the SLA contract itself and the SLA Management system. Finally, we give an overview of SLA management open issues in...

Objective(s)CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) have been shown to have potent immunostimulatory adjuvant activity for a wide range of antigens. Due to susceptibility of phosphodiester CpG ODNs (PO CpG) to nuclease degradation, nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate CpG ODNs (PS CpG) were currently utilized in an in vivo model. In this study, according to some recently reported drawbacks with PS ...