BACKGROUND Household contacts (HHCs) of TB cases are at increased risk for TB disease compared to the general population but the risk may be modified by individual or household factors. We conducted a study to determine incident TB among HHCs over two years after exposure and to identify individual and household level risk factors. METHODS Adults newly diagnosed with a first episode of smear-...

Data on body weight, height, and sitting height from 11,496 adult males, age 18-62 years, belonging to 38 different populations of five major social groups (scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, "other backward castes," general castes, and Muslims) of Central India were taken for our analysis to assess the nutritional status of these groups. Cormic index and body mass index (BMI) were computed, a...

We develop a nonlinear Fredholm alternative theory involving k-ball and k-set perturbations of general homeomorphisms as well as of homeomorphisms that are nonlinear Fredholm maps of index zero. Various generalized first Fredholm theorems are given and finite solvability of general (odd) Fredholm maps of index zero is also studied. We apply these results to the unique and finite solvability of ...

Uncertainty relation is a fundamental issue in quantum mechanics and information theory. By using modified generalized variance (MGV), Wigner–Yanase–Dyson skew (MGWYD), we identify the total uncertainty of channels. The elegant properties channels are explored detail. In addition, present trade-off between entanglement fidelity establish relationships entropy exchange/coherent information. Deta...

We generalized a modified exponentialized estimator by pushing the robust-optimal (RO) index λ to −∞ for achieving robustness to outliers by optimizing a quasi-Minimin function. The robustness is realized and controlled adaptively by the RO index without any predefined threshold. Optimality is guaranteed by expansion of the convexity region in the Hessian matrix to largely avoid local optima. D...

In this paper we discuss the numerical solution of projected generalized Lyapunov equations using the matrix sign function method. Such equations arise in stability analysis and control problems for descriptor systems including model reduction based on balanced truncation. It is known that the matrix sign function method applied to a matrix pencil λE−A converges if and only if λE−A is of index ...