Inverse modeling activities in oceanography have recently been intensified, aided by the oncoming observational data stream of WOCE and the advance of computer power. However, interpretations of inverse model results from climatological hydrographic data are far from simple. This thesis examines the behavior of an inverse model in the WOCE CME (Community Modeling Effort) results where the physi...

A Bayesian methodology is used to assess the information content of categorical, probabilistic forecasts of specific variables derived from a general circulation model (GCM) forecast ensemble, and to combine a ‘‘prior’’ forecast (climatological probabilities of each category) with a categorical probabilistic forecast derived from a GCM ensemble to develop posterior, or ‘‘regularized’’ categoric...

The representation of cloud systems and cloud-radiation interaction is considered to be one of major uncertainties in general circulation models (GCMs). This arises because (1) complete observations of cloud systems are impossible and available measurements are very limited; (2) cloud-radiation interactions are scale-dependent (Dudek et al. 1996) while current GCMs cannot explicitly resolve the...

It is recognized now that the plane-parallel model unsatisfactorily describes the transfer of radiation through broken clouds and that, consequently, the radiation codes of general circulation models (GCMs) must be refined. However, before any refinement in a GCM code is made, it is necessary to investigate the dependence of radiative characteristics on the effects caused by the random geometry...

A general circulation model (GCM) of intermediate complexity (Planet Simulator) is subjected to an analysis of the entropy budget and its sensitivity. The entropy production is computed directly based on temperature and temperature tendencies and estimated indirectly based on boundary fluxes. For indirect estimates, the model shows reasonably good agreement with observations. The direct computa...

climate change is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the long time scale. the most important factors that intensify climate change are changes in reflected radiation from the sun, changes in earth's orbit, greenhouse gases and continents drift. in this research the barandoezchay watershed in west azerbaijan province with an area of 1088 km2 was investigated. due to the lack of synoptic st...

To investigate the consequences of climate change on the water budget in small catchments, it is necessary to know the change of local precipitation and temperature. General Circulation Models (GCM) cannot provide regional climate parameters yet, because of their coarse resolution and imprecise modelling of precipitation. Therefore downscaling of precipitation and temperature has to be carried ...

Multiple satellite records of tropical-mean water vapor are compared with a general circulation model (GCM) simulation to assess the ability to monitor and to predict low-frequency changes in total precipitable water. Particular attention is focused on the drying between 1979 and 1995 recorded by a TOVS statistical retrieval that is calibrated to radiosondes. Both a GCM integrated with observed...

The climatology of the OPA/ARPEGE-T21 coupled general circulation model (GCM) is presented. The atmosphere GCM has a T21 spectral truncation and the ocean GCM has a 2°]1.5° average resolution. A 50year climatic simulation is performed using the OASIS coupler, without flux correction techniques. The mean state and seasonal cycle for the last 10 years of the experiment are described and compared ...