Software reliability is determined by software changes. How do these changes relate to each other? By analyzing the impacted method definitions and usages, we determine dependencies between changes, resulting in a change genealogy that captures how earlier changes enable and cause later ones. Model checking this genealogy reveals temporal process patterns that encode key features of the softwar...

In this paper we consider the genealogy of two nested mutant alleles, assuming the constant-size neutral coalescent model with infinite sites mutation. We study the conditional genealogy and derive explicit formulas for the joint and marginal site frequency spectra for the double, single and zero mutant allele. In addition, we find the mean ages of the two mutations. We show that the age of the...

Asymptotic Genealogy of a Branching Process and a Model of Macroevolution