Supporters or opponents of journalistic professionalism cannot ignore the fact that journalistic studies are a pluralistic, differentiated, and dynamic field of research, with no commonly accepted conceptual framework of journalism. Different academic traditions and diverse cultural and social foundations of journalism have led to different aspects of the definition and research journalism. The...

most women need fundamental support to function in their humane life. in terms of gender, in iran there are regional differentiations with regards to accessing benefits of development. the purpose of this paper is to describe the human development and development index in different regions and to study the relationship/ regression between levels of development and human poverty index on the bas...

Power is at the core of feminist theories of sexual harassment, though it has rarely been measured directly in terms of workplace authority. While popular characterizations portray male supervisors harassing female subordinates, power-threat theories suggest that women in authority may be more frequent targets. This article analyzes longitudinal survey data and qualitative interviews from the Y...

To examine the expression of personality in its natural habitat, the authors tracked 96 participants over 2 days using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), which samples snippets of ambient sounds in participants' immediate environments. Participants' Big Five scores were correlated with EAR-derived information on their daily social interactions, locations, activities, moods, and langua...

Using a theoretical approach grounded in implicit bias and stereotyping theories, this study examines the relationship between observable physical characteristics (skin tone, height, and gender) and earnings, as measured by income. Combining separate streams of research on the influence of these three characteristics, we draw from a sample of 31,356 individual-year observations across 4,340 ind...

The aim of this article is to explore the development of theories on transsexualism with a view to advancing a typology of theories of transsexualism.This typology exposes a general shift from concerns with ‘authenticity’ (the transsexual as a ‘real’ woman or man) to issues of ‘performativity’ (the transsexual as hyperbolic enactment of gender). I will argue it is through a displacement of psyc...

This study examined how meritocracy beliefs may buffer women from the negative psychological effects of an acute situation of gender discrimination. Although some research indirectly suggests that believing that meritocracy exists may increase wellbeing, group consciousness theories suggest that disbelieving that meritocracy exists will enhance psychological adjustment to gender discrimination....