Girls and women remain substantially under-represented in mathematics, science, and technology in school and in the workplace. Although this problem is recognized, its complexity is widely underestimated and causes are not well understood. We review prevailing explanations, which tend to concentrate either on possible gender differentials in qualities such as self-confidence, or on school pract...

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The oppression of Chinese women is typically blamed on Confucianism. We present a version of Confucianism that relies on the metaphysics of the I Ching, one of the "canonical" Confucian texts, and on more characteristic Confucian doctrines. These metaphysical, anthropological, and ethical beliefs would, if fully implemented, replace the early Confucian hierarchy based partly on gender with a hi...

This paper uses a Fuzzy Expert System (FES) in order to evaluate firms in terms of Gender Equity (GE). The scope for using FES is connected not only to the multidimensional nature of GE and to the need of providing a synthetic indicator of firm’s GE without losing the its complexity, but even with the composite group of experts involved. The presence of sociologists, economists trade unions mem...

There has been growing policy interest in social justice issues related to both health and food. We sought to understand the state of knowledge on relationships between health equity--i.e. health inequalities that are socially produced--and food systems, where the concepts of 'food security' and 'food sovereignty' are prominent. We undertook exploratory scoping and mapping stages of a 'meta-nar...

background: health worker motivation has the potential to have a large impact on health system performance, and this depends on some factors. the purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting this motivation. methods: from winter 2013 to spring 2014, 1046 employees and physicians (439 males and 607 females) with a mean age of 36 and 37.2 years in men and women, respectively were ...

Gender has been considered to be one of the social determinants of health; this fact constitutes an opportunity for going deeper into an analysis which, as it is a daily matter, becomes invisible. Gender-equity in health means having equal opportunities of gaining access to the available resources, a democratic distribution of power and know-how in the health system and a health policy benefitt...

Literature to date suggests contrary indicators of acceptance of the use of technology to support learning by females. With the increasing adoption of information technology to support teaching and learning, it is imperative that factors which may impede student learning are identified. The research reported here is of a large-scale survey of the perceptions of university students about eLearni...

The existing gender analysis frameworks start with a premise that men and women are equal and should be treated equally. These frameworks give emphasis on equal distribution of resources between men and women and believe that this will bring equality which is not always true. Despite equal distribution of resources, women tend to suffer and experience discrimination in many areas of their lives...

PURPOSE Despite sincere commitment to egalitarian, meritocratic principles, subtle gender bias persists, constraining women's opportunities for academic advancement. The authors implemented a pair-matched, single-blind, cluster randomized, controlled study of a gender-bias-habit-changing intervention at a large public university. METHOD Participants were faculty in 92 departments or divisions...