It is established that the compression behavior of gas diffusion layers (GDL) dependent on level mechanical stress it experienced during its lifetime. As a matter fact, every cycle induces damages in GDL, including fibers breakage and/or their spatial reorganization. observed experimental work, first GDLs as received from suppliers already altered by previous applied manufacturing process. This...

Understanding the effect of two-phase flow in the components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is crucial to water management and subsequently to their performance. The local water saturation in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and reactant channels influences the hydration of the membrane which has a direct effect on the PEMFC performance. Mass transport resistance includes contribu...

A 3D microstructure of the non-woven gas diffusion layers (GDLs) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is reconstructed using a stochastic method. For a commercial GDL, due to the planar orientation of the fibers in the GDL, 2D SEM image of the GDL surface is used to estimate the orientation of the carbon fibers in the domain. Two more microstructures with different fiber orientations are g...

PROBLEM Automobile crashes remain a prominent cause of death and injury for teenagers in the United States. While it is generally agreed that graduated drivers licensing (GDL) influences crash rates, it is unclear which components have the strongest effect on any specific types of crashes. METHOD We analyze the relative effect of different stages of GDL on teenage fatal and injury crash risk ...

This is the third update of research on graduated driver licensing (GDL) and related teenage driver issues. It briefly summarizes research published since or not included in the 2005 update (Hedlund, J., & Compton, R. (2005). Graduated driver licensing research in 2004 and 2005. Journal of Safety Research, 36(2), 109-119.), describes research in progress of which the authors are aware, and anno...

In this paper we focus on solving DCOPs in communication constrained scenarios. The GDL algorithm optimally solves DCOP problems, but requires the exchange of exponentially large messages which makes it impractical in such settings. Function filtering is a technique that alleviates this high communication requirement while maintaining optimality. Function filtering involves calculating approxim...

A General Game Player is a system that can play previously unknown games given nothing but their rules. The Game Description Language (GDL) has been developed as a highlevel knowledge representation formalism for axiomatising the rules of any game, and a basic requirement of a General Game Player is the ability to reason logically about a given game description. In this paper, we address the fu...

The in-plane permeability is an important property of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. It governs the transport of reactants and water vapor from the channel to the GDL regions under the land of the bipolar plate, and the bulk mass transport in the case of interdigitated flow fields. The current focus in literature has been on studying the effect of porosit...

BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teens and young adults in the United States. Graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems were designed to protect young novice drivers by limiting their exposure to specific risks while they gain experience driving. In the United States, most states' GDL systems only apply to new drivers younger than 18. Some experts suggest that ...

little attention has been paid to the geometrical parameters of Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs), as many researchers have reported the GDL transport properties, like thermal conductivity, as a function of only one parameter; porosity. In this paper, a statistical unit cell approach is presented for estimation of the thermal conductivity on the basis of measured geometrical data such as the angles a...