The formation of discrete water clusters in polymer electrolyte fuel cell gas diffusion layers (GDL) can lead to increased resistance for oxygen transport the catalyst layer. This study investigates effect MPL crack propagation on cluster development a X-ray computed tomography (CT) microstructure using volume-of-fluid method (VoF). VoF calculation was compared operando CT data by voxel matchin...

BACKGROUND Young novice drivers have crash rates higher than any other age group. To address this problem, graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been implemented in the United States to require an extended learner permit phase, and create night time driving or passenger restrictions for adolescent drivers. GDL allows adolescents to gain experience driving under low-risk conditions with the...

The primary removal of product water in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is through the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) which necessitates the understanding of vapor and liquid transport of water through porous media. In this investigation, the effect of microporous layer (MPL) coatings, GDL thickness, and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) loading on the effective water vapor diffusion c...

A general game player automatically learns to play arbitrary new games solely by being told their rules. For this purpose games are specified in the general Game Description Language (GDL), a variant of Datalog with function symbols that uses a few game-specific keywords. A recent extension of basic GDL allows the description of nondeterministic games with any number of players who may have inc...

Many traffic safety researchers believe Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws save lives by imposing restrictions, stronger licensing requirements, and delayed licensure status on drivers under age 18. To determine the effects of California’s GDL law on traffic fatalities among older (age 18-19) and younger (age 16-17) teens by age, sex, accident characteristics, and license status, mortality d...

In 2000, Wisconsin enacted the Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Law in an effort to reduce the number of teen deaths and injuries due to motor vehicle crashes. The GDL program targets high-risk teen driving behaviors by mandating more hours of supervised driving, limiting nighttime driving, restricting vehicle passengers, requiring seatbelt use, and mandating absolute sobriety for all teen driv...

Air-cathode microbial fuel cells (AC-MFC) use a gas-diffusion-layer (GDL) coating based on polytetrafluoroethylene applied to the cathode prevent electrolyte leakage. However, this type of GDL can also lead decrease in MFC performance due electron-transfer limitation, mass-transfer limitation or catalyst availability. This study provides comprehensive understanding significance coating, demonst...

CONTEXT In the United States, graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems allow full, unrestricted licensure for drivers younger than 18 years only after an initial period of supervised driving and an intermediate period of unsupervised driving that limits driving at night, transporting multiple young passengers, or both. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of GDL programs with involvement in ...

A general game player automatically learns to play arbitrary new games solely by being told their rules. For this purpose games are specified in the game description language GDL, a variant of Datalog with function symbols and a few known keywords. In its latest version GDL allows to describe nondeterministic games with any number of players who may have imperfect, asymmetric information. We an...

Distribution of contact pressure between the bipolar plate and gas diffusion layer considerably affect the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In this regard, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is developed to predict the contact pressure distribution on the gas diffusion layer due to dimensional errors of the bipolar plate ribs in a proton exchange membrane fuel ce...