This chapter offers approaches for gauging the intelligence of a mobile robot and case studies as illustrations. The meaning of “Intelligence” varies greatly depending on the context in which the word is used. A general discussion on various perspectives for intelligence is provided. A framework consisting of an agent, an environment and a goal is provided for viewing intelligent behaviors. Thr...

We study duality transformations for two-dimensional sigma models with abelian chiral isometries and prove that generic such transformations are equivalent to integrated marginal perturbations by bilinears in the chiral currents, thus confirming a recent conjecture by Hassan and Sen formulated in the context of Wess-Zumino-Witten models. Specific duality transformations instead give rise to cos...

In a given 4d spacetime bakcground, one can often construct not one but a family of distinct N = 2 string theories. This is due to the multiple ways an N = 2 superconformal algebra can be embedded in a given worldsheet theory. We formulate the principle of obtaining different physical theories by gauging different embeddings of the same symmetry algebra in the same “pre-theory.” We then apply i...

“Bufferbloat” is the growth in buffer size that has led Internet delays to occasionally exceed the light propagation delay from the Earth to the Moon. Manufacturers have built in large buffers to prevent losses on Wi-Fi, cable and ADSL links. But the combination of some links’ limited bandwidth with TCP’s tendency to saturate that bandwidth results in excessive queuing delays. In response, new ...

We review some aspects of gauged WZW models. By choosing a solvable subgroup as gauge group, one is lead to three main applications: the construction of field theories with an extended conformal symmetry, the construction of the effective action of (extended) 2D gravities and the systematic construction of string theories with some extended gauge symmetry.