Forehead-taps elicited short-latency motor responses in the lower leg muscle which, together with vestibulocollic reflexes, might contribute to multisensory control of posture. We tested this paradigm in human subjects standing upright in order to determine if the responses differed depending on whether the taps were to the forehead or temporal bone. Forehead-taps elicited short-latency inhibit...

Hindlimb unweighting (HLU) has been shown to alter myogenic tone distinctly in arterioles isolated from skeletal muscles composed predominantly of fast-twitch (white gastrocnemius) compared with slow-twitch (soleus) fibers. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that HLU would alter myogenic tone differently in arterioles isolated from distinct fiber-type regions within a single skeletal musc...

Damage to peripheral nerve tissue may cause loss of function in both the nerve and the targeted muscles it innervates. This study compared the repair capability of engineered nerve conduit (ENC), engineered fibroblast conduit (EFC), and autograft in a 10-mm tibial nerve gap. ENCs were fabricated utilizing primary fibroblasts and the nerve cells of rats on embryonic day 15 (E15). EFCs were fabri...

Turkey arthritis reoviruses (TARVs) were isolated recently from gastrocnemius and digital flexor tendons of lame turkeys with swollen joints and tenosynovitis. These TARVs were genetically different from chicken arthritis reoviruses (CARVs) and produced gastrocnemius tenosynovitis when inoculated into turkey poults. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of TARVs in chicke...

The superficial muscle group of the posterior compartment of leg forms a powerful muscular mass in the calf. The two-headed gastrocnemius is the most superficial muscle of this group, and forms the proximal, most prominent part of the calf. Gastrocnemius muscle exhibits numerous variations in the origin and/or insertion. The present report describes the incidental occurrence of the third/access...

[Purpose] The present study aimed to determine changes in muscle activity while moving on a treadmill at various speeds. [Subjects] The activities of the left vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, hip adductors, lateral head of gastrocnemius, medial head gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior of 10 healthy male university students were analyzed. [Methods] University students walked, jogged, ...

[Purpose] Dysfunction of lower extremity muscles is one risk factor of falls for amputee patients. However, the change in muscle activity pattern and balance ability of amputees who have no experience in standing with prosthesis during the period from prosthesis fitting to regaining the ability to walk has never been studied. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to elucidate chan...

OBJECTIVES To describe clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 16 dogs diagnosed with gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of medical records, radiographs, and MRI results, as well as follow-up completed by telephone questionnaire. RESULTS Most dogs had chronic hindlimb lameness with no history of trauma or athletic activities....

AIM Calf muscle growth in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) and bilateral cerebral palsy (BCP) is unknown. This cross-sectional study examines the medial gastrocnemius growth rates of ambulatory children with UCP and BCP compared with children with typical development (CTD), aged 2 to 9 years. METHOD Fifty children with UCP (mean age 66mo [SD 18], 29 males, Gross Motor Function Cl...