Online monitoring of the appearance of the intermediates and products during chemical reactions is helpful to understand reaction mechanisms. Various analytical tools including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) have been employed for the study. MS is one of the most promising means among analytical tools that can provide information of mass-t...

Galaxy interactions are studied in terms of the starburst-Seyfert connection. The starburst requires a high rate of gas supply. Since the efficiency for supplying the gas is high in a galaxy interaction, although the companion is not necessarily discernible, Seyfert galaxies with circumnuclear starbursts are expected to be interacting. Since the large amounts of circumnuclear gas and dust obscu...

Natural gas demand in the United States has been increasing for the last 15 years and is expected to increase substantially in the next 20 years (Energy Information Administration, 2003; National Petroleum Council, 1999). Demand is projected to increase in all sectors, especially electricity generation (Figure 1.1). In fact, 80 percent of projected electricity generation capacity additions thro...

Nitrogen gas is a staple of the chemical industry. Because it is an inert gas, nitrogen is suitable for a wide range of applications covering various aspects of chemical manufacturing, processing, handling, and shipping. Due to its low reactivity, nitrogen is an excellent blanketing and purging gas that can be used to protect valuable products from harmful contaminants. It also enables the safe...

Early in the last century, J.S. Haldane observed, " It is probable indeed that in some way or other the air supply is proportioned to the blood supply, whether by regulation through the muscular coats of the bronchioles or regulation of blood distribution " (Haldane, 1922). Haldane was expressing the opinion that in order to fulfill its essential function of gas exchange (the addition of oxygen...

The compact steep spectrum (CSS) and gigahertz peaked spectrum (GPS) sources are widely believed to be young radio sources, with ages 106 yr. If the activity in the nucleus is fuelled by the supply of gas, one might find evidence of this gas by studying the structural and polarisation characteristics of CSS sources and their evolution through this gas. In this paper we discuss some of the possi...

Nowadays one of the most important energy sources is natural gas. By depletion of oil reservoirs in the world, natural gas will emerge as the future energy source for human life. One of the major concerns of gas suppliers is being able to supply this source of energy the entire year. This concern intensifies during more consuming seasons of the year when the demand for natural gas increases, r...