We emphasize some current needs of astrochemists for laboratory data. The data are urgently required both to detect molecules in assorted regions and to produce robust models of these regions. Three areas of laboratory-based research are particularly crucial and yet are not being studied in the United States: (i) reactions more complex than the formation of molecular hydrogen occurring on inter...

This work presents a general mathematical model of a fixed bed gasifier, where both the transport resistances and the chemical kinetics are important at the reactor and the particle scale. Pyrolysis and gasification of the solid fuel (coal, plastics, biomasses or wastes) is only the first step of the whole process. Successive gas phase reactions of the released species are described with a deta...

Both solid to gas (CaSO< + SiO — CaSi03 + S02 and Si3N4 + 3C (diamond) —» and 3SiC -f 2 N^) can be shock-induced at ballistic velocities. Because of the endothermic nature of the gas-producing reactions, the extent of reactions observed are limited to interfaces. We found the above reactions proceed to a much less extent than calculation by equilibrium thermodynainic calculations. Reaction prod...

Interstellar space is not empty, but contains gaseous and particulate matter that is concentrated into very large regions known as interstellar clouds. In the denser and cooler clouds, the gas is molecular and most of the molecules detected are organic in nature. The gas-phase molecules are synthesised from precursor atoms by rapid exothermic reactions in the gas and on the surfaces of tiny dus...

Reactions of laser-ablated U atoms with HF and DF in condensing and solid rare gas produce HUF and DUF as the major new products based on close agreement between observed and calculated vibrational frequencies and deuterium shifts for U-H and U-F stretching modes at 1383 and 544 cm(-1), respectively.