The thermal decomposition products of ionic liquids based on n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) were used for the preparation of the metastable allotrope Ge(cF136) by oxidation of Na12Ge17 in gas-solid reactions. This method of preparation provides a promising low-temperature route for the synthesis of intermetallic phases and elemental modifications. In order to explore the reaction me...

The strengthening hard phases TiN/C1-xNxTi were generated by in-situ solid-gas reaction in Ni-based composite coatings prepared using a plasma spray welding process to reinforce the wear resistance of the coatings. The microstructures and properties of the coatings were investigated. The results showed that the coatings mainly consisted of phases such as TiN, C1-xNxTi, TiC, etc. A small amount ...

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be operated in a reversed mode as electrolyzer cells for electrolysis of H2O and CO2. In this paper, a 2D thermal model is developed to study the heat/mass transfer and chemical/electrochemical reactions in a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) for H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis. The model is based on 3 sub-models: a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model describi...

With a specific and strong molecular-recognition capability cultivated in humoral acquired immunity, an antibody has been extensively utilized in various applications, such as diagnostics and therapy. However, so far most of its uses have been limited to be in the liquid phase. In view of its potential uses, such as a gas-phase biosensor or a high-performance air filter, we have tried to verify...

Well-crystalline one-dimensional ZnO-Zn2GeO4 (ZGO) heterostructures were successfully synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state reaction between the ZnO and Ge layers of ZnO-Ge core-shell nanostructures. The polycrystalline ZGO crystallites had a thickness in the range of 17 to 26 nm. The high-temperature solid-state reaction induced grooves and crystal defects on the surfaces of the ZGO...

An externally heated, x-ray transparent reaction chamber has been developed to enable the dynamic high temperature x-ray diffraction (HTXRD) analysis of a gas/solid [TiF(4)(g)/SiO(2)(s)] reaction involving a halide gas reactant formed at elevated temperatures (up to 350 degrees C) from a condensed source (TiF(4) powder) sealed within the chamber. The reaction chamber possessed x-ray transparent...

Solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) has been established as an important tool for preparative chemistry with a broad range of applications in modern organic synthesis. In very few reaction steps, libraries of molecularly diverse compounds can be synthesized by taking advantage of the efficient removal of excess or unconsumed reagents by extraction and filtration as simple workup operations. Ho...

This communication reports the reduction mechanism and kinetics of CoO-NiO/Al2O3 oxygen carrier using methane as the reduction gas. Kinetics experiments are performed in a novel fluidized bed CREC riser simulator under turbulent fluidized bed reaction conditions. A shrinking-core model is used for the kinetic modeling assuming spherical grains of the oxygen carrier particles. The XRD analysis s...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biowastes is one of the most common ways to produce methane-rich biogas, which has considerable potential to replace the fossil fuel used in multiple applications, such as vehicular transportation, internal combustion engines, cogeneration of heat and power systems and many other systems. Many companies are involved in the design and construction of anaerobic digesti...

Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) possesses excellent capabilities to reveal quantitative phase composition and average valence together with the evolution of the local structure of a system under dynamic reaction conditions. The work discussed here focused on time-resolved in-situ XAS investigations aiming, first, at understanding structural evolution under dynamic condition...