An important decision in the development of a mixed oil and natural gas field is whether to produce or re-inject the natural gas. There is a trade-off between the income from the sale of natural gas and the higher oil production obtained from re-injection. We consider the optimal timing problem of when to stop natural gas injection for a set of offshore petroleum fields using a real options app...

this paper presents an economic evaluation of gas to liquids (gtl) project using “south-pars” gas field of iran based on the latest actual performing gtl projects. iran has the world’s largest reserves of natural gas and can satisfy the projected long-term market demand of gtl products which have lower pollution and higher quality than refinery products. the results of cost-benefit analysis sho...

The gas extraction technological developments of the 2000s have allowed shale gas production, which in the US has become a significant part of the total gas production. Such a significant change might have affected the long-run relationship between oil and natural gas prices postulated by several authors. By using monthly data of oil and gas prices, as well as gas quantities from 1997 to 2013, ...

Gravity drainage is one of the important recovery mechanisms in fractured carbonate and conventional reservoirs. It occurs due to density difference between the gas in fracture and the oil in matrix as well as in conventional tilted reservoirs. Oil phase will form films which are produced under gravity forces (film flow). Many gas injection experiments have been done on laboratory scales with d...

To evaluate the biological potential and medicinal properties, the biochemical compositions and quantity and quality of essential oil of Marrubium vulgare L., grown in the natural habitat located in Guynik region, North Khorasan province, were investigated. The content of secondary metabolites including phenol and flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were measured in laboratory methods. Essenti...

This paper presents an economic evaluation of gas to liquids (GTL) project using “South-Pars” gas field of Iran based on the latest actual performing GTL projects. Iran has the world’s largest reserves of natural gas and can satisfy the projected long-term market demand of GTL products which have lower pollution and higher quality than refinery products. The results of cost-benefit analysis sho...

The energy demand in our modern society is continuously rising, which clearly shows that fossil fuels will for many decades still play an important role – oil and natural gas are important energy resources in this picture. Nevertheless, oil and natural gas reserves are limited, and it is therefore a prioritized task to produce more oil and gas from existing wells and reservoirs for better explo...

This paper introduces the source and utility circumstance of natural gas in China. The utility circumstance of natural gas is discussed in detail, such as, natural gas as feedstock is produced to acetylene; natural gas is used to cut metal; natural gas is applied to generate ethylene; natural gas instead of heavy oil is fired to produce chromium trioxide. In so doing, the energy demand of China...

gravity drainage is one of the important recovery mechanisms in fractured carbonate and conventional reservoirs. it occurs due to density difference between the gas in fracture and the oil in matrix as well as in conventional tilted reservoirs. oil phase will form films which are produced under gravity forces (film flow). many gas injection experiments have been done on laboratory scales with d...

Development of oil and natural gas deposits off Sakhalin's northern coast on the Sea of Okhotsk are currently under way. Should an accident involving a spill of crude oil or other effluents occur during the development of the oil and natural gas deposits that is currently under way off the eastern coast of northern Sakhalin, it can be expected to have an impact on the environment and economy of...